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为改良甘蓝Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata的根肿病抗性,以2个甘蓝品种D2、B1为母本和2个抗根肿病大白菜品种CR-英雄、CR-春美杂交,比较4个远缘杂交组合的亲和性,运用胚挽救技术获得试管苗并对远缘杂交种进行真假杂种鉴定、育性研究以及根肿病抗性鉴定来创建和筛选根肿病抗性新种质。结果表明,杂交组合D2×CR-春美的结荚率为86.08%,高于其它组合,而成活的幼胚数/授粉花蕾数和试管苗数/授粉花蕾数以组合D2×CR-英雄最高,分别达15.96%和8.16%,4个组合D2×CR-英雄、D2×CR-春美、B1×CR-英雄、B1×CR-春美分别获得23、8、2、2株试管苗。细胞学鉴定发现杂种茎尖的染色体是19条,结合形态学鉴定确定为真杂种。组合D2×CR-英雄获得的试管苗只有1个株系有花粉,花粉萌发率为0.90%,极显著低于母本对照的40.58%;对该组合的试管苗进行苗期抗根肿病鉴定,有8个株系抗11号生理小种,3个株系抗4号生理小种。表明通过胚挽救技术可筛选到杂交效率较高的远缘杂交组合以及抗根肿病材料。
In order to improve the clubroot resistance of Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata, two cabbage varieties D2 and B1 were used as female parent and two Chinese cabbage cultivars CR-heroes and CR- Distant hybridization combination of affinity, the use of embryo rescue technology to obtain in vitro seedlings and distant hybrids for identification of true and false hybrids, fertility studies and identification of clubroot disease resistance to create and screen new clubroot germplasms . The results showed that the combination rate of D2 × CR-Chunmei was 86.08%, which was higher than other combinations. The number of viable young embryos / pollinated flower buds and in vitro plantlets / pollinated flower buds combined with D2 × CR- Respectively, reaching 15.96% and 8.16% respectively. Four combinations of D2 × CR-hero, D2 × CR-Chunmei, B1 × CR-hero and B1 × CR-Chunmei were obtained. Cytological identification found that the chromosome tip of hybrids is 19, combined with morphology identified as true hybrids. Only one line of the combined D2 × CR-herd in vitro had pollen, the germination rate of pollen was 0.90%, which was significantly lower than that of the control (40.58%). The combination of test-tube seedlings was identified as clubroot , 8 lines were resistant to physiological races on the 11th and 3 lines resistant to physiological races on the 4th. It indicates that the embryo rescue technology can be screened to hybridization efficiency of distant hybrid combinations and anti-club disease material.