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本文从话语结构的角度对汉语“话语修正”过程中含有“否定语”、“修正语”、“批评语”、“建议语”四个项目的构成情况进行考察。“否定语”表达说话人对前话轮内容或观点的否定,一般由否定词独词小句或其他具有否定意义的小句构成。“修正语”是说话人对前话轮所含错误的修正,可分为“有标记修正语”和“无标记修正语”。“批评语”表达说话人对前话轮中的错误实施的批评,可分为“感叹式”、“疑问式”、“陈述式”三类。“建议语”是说话人在实施否定、修正或批评之后提出的建议,由祈使小句构成,含有“劝阻类”和“倡议类”两种功能类型。从四个项目的出现情况来看,“修正语”是必有项目,“否定语”、“批评语”、“建议语”是可有项目,内部存在不平衡性。
In this paper, the author constructs the four items containing “negative”, “correct”, “criticism” and “suggestion” in the process of Chinese “discourse correction” from the perspective of discourse structure To inspect. “Negatives ” to express the speaker of the front turn of the content or view of the negative, usually by the negative word or small sentence or other negative meaning of the phrase. “Amendment ” is the speaker’s amendment of the error contained in the previous turn, which can be divided into “Marked Amendment ” and “Marked Amendment ”. “Criticism ” Expressing the speaker’s criticism of the mistaken implementation in the preceding turn may be divided into three types: “sigh”, “question”, “statement”. “Proposal ” is a suggestion made by the speaker after the implementation of the negative, the revision or the criticism. It consists of the imperative clauses, which contain two types of functions: discouraging class and advocating class. From the appearance of the four projects, “Amendment ” is a must have “Neglect ”, “Criticism ”, “Proposal ” is a project, there is an imbalance within Sex.