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目的分析比较2005-2014年广州市萝岗区麻疹高发、低发、反弹三个流行阶段疫情特征,为制定麻疹防控工作策略提供科学依据。方法查阅2005-2014年传染病报告信息管理系统、麻疹监测信息报告管理系统、档案资料的麻疹个案信息,分析麻疹发病水平并比较三个阶段流行特征。结果 2005-2014年广州市萝岗区麻疹累计发病269人,年平均发病率为8.26/10万。2005-2008、2009-2012、2013-2014年分别为高发期、低发期、反弹期,年平均发病率分别为15.39/10万、1.26/10万、8.02/10万;3-6月是高发期和反弹期的发病高峰,此外12月-次年1月是反弹期另一个发病高峰,低发期发病季节性不明显,但4月均有病例;发病年龄由高发期以8月~14岁免疫目标人群为主逐渐转变为反弹期以<8月、>14岁为主的非免疫目标人群,年龄分布差异有统计学意义(χ2=14.583,P=0.006);散居儿童在三个流行阶段职业分布排序中均为第1位,学生、托幼儿童在高发期为2、3位,而工人在低发和反弹期均为2位;三个流行阶段流动人口均超过50.00%,反弹期户籍人口比例升高(χ2=11.295,P=0.004);三个流行阶段患者性别比、免疫史、发病前7~21 d医疗机构暴露史差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 2005-2014年萝岗区麻疹发病经历了高发、低发、反弹三个流行阶段,发病高峰、年龄、职业、流动人口构成在三个阶段分布有差异,应根据不同阶段麻疹的流行病学特征,采取针对性的麻疹防控措施。
Objective To analyze and compare the epidemic characteristics of three epidemic stages of high incidence, low incidence and high incidence of measles in Luogang District of Guangzhou from 2005 to 2014, and provide scientific evidence for the development of measles prevention and control strategies. Methods The information of measles cases from 2005 to 2014, including the information system of infectious disease reporting, measles monitoring information report management system and archives, was analyzed. The incidence of measles and the prevalence of the three stages were compared. Results The cumulative incidence of measles in Luogang District of Guangzhou from 2005 to 2014 was 269, with an average annual incidence of 8.26 / 100,000. 2005-2008, 2009 - 2012, 2013 - 2014 were high incidence period, low incidence period, the rebound period, the annual average incidence was 15.39 / 100000, 1.26 / 100000, 8.02 / 100000; March to June is High incidence and rebound peak incidence peak, in addition December - next January is the onset of another peak ebb, low incidence of seasonal onset is not obvious, but in April all cases; onset age from the high incidence of August ~ The 14-year-old immunization target population gradually changed into non-immune target population with <8 months,> 14 years of rebound period, with significant difference in age distribution (χ2 = 14.583, P = 0.006) Occupational distribution in the prevalent stage ranked the first place, students, children and kindergarten in the high incidence of 2, 3, and workers in the low and rebound period were 2; three popular stage of floating population were more than 50.00% There was no significant difference in sex ratio, immunization history, medical institution exposure history before 7-21 days of onset (χ2 = 11.295, P = 0.004) in the three epidemic stages (P> 0.05). Conclusions The incidence of measles in Luogang District from 2005 to 2014 experienced three epidemic stages of high incidence, low incidence and rebound. The peak incidence, age, occupation and floating population distribution differed in three stages. According to the epidemiology of measles Characteristics, to take targeted measles prevention and control measures.