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目的比较北京市延庆区2011年、2013年青少年的尝试吸烟水平,分析两年间青少年尝试吸烟状况的变化趋势及目前尝试吸烟影响因素,为学校控烟工作提供理论和实践支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,分别抽取辖区内1 566名、543名学生进行匿名自填式问卷调查,将两年调查数据进行比较,分析2年间辖区青少年尝试吸烟的变化情况。结果两年青少年的尝试吸烟率分别为33.14%、36.09%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),男生(45.24%、50.26%)高于女生(22.87%、19.45%);职高生尝试吸烟率最高,且2013年职高生的尝试吸烟率比2011年增高了8.42个百分点(χ2=3.24,P=0.07);首次吸烟年龄为14~15岁的所占比例最高(25.31%、21.45%);对于烟草相关知识及态度的正确持有率中,与2011年相比,2013年青少年对烟草危害的认识整体虽无统计学差异,但对烟草危害的正确认识水平有所上升,总体女生高于男生(P<0.05);影响青少年尝试吸烟的因素很多,其中,男生、父亲及父母双方均吸烟、模仿明星吸烟、同伴中2名及以上吸烟的青少年尝试吸烟的风险较高。结论全区内青少年的尝试吸烟行为、烟草相关认知状况不容乐观,且影响因素广泛,全社会应共同参与,引导他们拒绝烟草。
Objective To compare the smoking prevalence among adolescents in Yanqing District of Beijing in 2011 and 2013, analyze the changing trend of adolescents’ smoking status in the past two years and the current smoking influence factors, and provide theoretical and practical support for tobacco control work in schools. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select 1 566 students and 543 students respectively to conduct anonymous self-contained questionnaire survey. The two-year survey data were compared to analyze the changes of attempting to smoke during the two years. Results The smoking prevalence of adolescents in two years was 33.14% and 36.09% respectively, with no significant difference (P> 0.05). The male students (45.24%, 50.26%) were higher than girls (22.87%, 19.45% The prevalence of smoking among vocational students in 2013 was 8.42 percentage points higher than that in 2011 (χ2 = 3.24, P = 0.07). The smoking age was the highest among those aged 14-15 years (25.31%, 21.45%), ; Among the correct percentages of tobacco-related knowledge and attitudes, there was no statistical difference in the overall awareness of tobacco-related hazards among young people in 2013 as compared with 2011, but the correct understanding of tobacco harms had risen. The overall high level of female students (P <0.05). There are many factors that affect adolescents’ attempts to smoke. Among them, boys, fathers and parents both smoke and star smokers, and two or more smokers in peer groups are at higher risk of smoking. Conclusion Adolescents in the region try smoking behavior, tobacco-related cognitive status is not optimistic, and a wide range of influencing factors, the whole society should participate in and guide them to refuse tobacco.