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目的分析西安市2013—2015年手足口病流行趋势和病原学特征,为制定相关干预措施提供理论依据。方法采用实时荧光PCR法对手足口病病例标本进行EV通用型、EV71以及Cox A16型核酸检测,运用Excel 2007和SPSS 20.0软件对西安市2013—2015年手足口病流行病特征及病原检测资料进行统计学分析。结果 (1)2013—2015年手足口病年发病率为287.74/10万,重症病例占发病总数的1.24%;男女比为1.41∶1;流行期主要集中在4—7月;且不同区域发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);(2)手足口病病原构成:2013和2015年以非EV71非Cox A16的其他肠道病毒为主,分别占66.18%和51.42%;2014年以EV71为主,占52.39%。重症病例病原构成以EV71为主,占53.69%。结论西安市手足口病发病率较高,EV71是引起重症病例的主要病原。防治策略应以郊区为重点,采取控制传染源、切断传播途径等综合措施,减少手足口病重症病例。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi’an from 2013 to 2015, and to provide a theoretical basis for making relevant interventions. Methods The real-time PCR method was used to detect the EV universal, EV71 and Cox A16 nucleic acid in hand, foot and mouth disease. The epidemiological characteristics and pathogen detection data of hand, foot and mouth disease in Xi’an from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed by Excel 2007 and SPSS 20.0 software Statistical analysis. Results (1) The annual incidence of hand-foot-mouth disease was 287.74 / 100 000 between 2013 and 2015, the severe cases accounted for 1.24% of the total, the male-to-female ratio was 1.41:1. The prevalence was mainly in the period of April to July. In addition, (2) The pathogens of hand-foot-mouth disease were mainly non-EV71 non-Cox A16 other enterovirus in 2013 and 2015, accounting for 66.18% and 51.42% respectively. In 2014 EV71-based, accounting for 52.39%. The pathogens of severe cases were mainly EV71, accounting for 53.69%. Conclusion The incidence of HFMD in Xi’an is high, and EV71 is the major cause of severe cases. Prevention and treatment strategies should focus on the suburbs, take control of sources of infection, cut off the transmission of comprehensive measures such as measures to reduce HFMD severe cases.