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一、能源现状和发展趋势能源问题,特别是石油的供应和消费,是当前突出的国际经济问题,也是一个重大的国际政治问题。七十年代以前,由于石油价贱易得,美国、日本和西欧诸国,对石油的消费毫无节制,石油的消耗量急剧增长。现在世界能源的构成,石油消耗量约占全部能源消耗量的一半。石油的可采储量一半以上集中在中东。如果今后每年的消耗量在一九七四年28亿吨的基础上,以4％的速度增长,则只够开采30年左右。一九七八年世界石油产量29.6亿吨,35％集中于中东,而中东的石油消耗量还不到世界总消耗量的3％。另一方面,消费量占世
I. Current Situation and Development Trend of Energy Energy issues, especially the supply and consumption of petroleum, are currently prominent international economic issues as well as major international political issues. Before the 1970s, the United States, Japan and Western European countries, due to their cheap prices and easy access, had no control over the consumption of oil and the consumption of petroleum increased sharply. Now the world’s energy composition, oil consumption accounts for about half of total energy consumption. More than half of the oil recoverable reserves are concentrated in the Middle East. If the annual consumption in the future increases by 4% on the basis of 2.8 billion tons in 1974, it will only be enough for 30 years of mining. In 1978, the world’s oil production was 2.96 billion tons, with 35% concentrated in the Middle East, while the Middle East consumed less than 3% of the world’s total oil consumption. On the other hand, consumption accounts for the world