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反义RNA是一种能与mRNA分子互补的RNA,可特异抑制某一mRNA的加工、翻译以及DNA的复制,特异阻断该基因的表达。 反义RNA最早在原核细胞中被发现,随后证实反义抑制为原核细胞基因表达调控的一种方式。在真核细胞中,直到1986年Williams等才首次在小鼠基因组中观察到RNA互补区,证实了真核细胞中反义抑制的存在。反义RNA的主要作用位点如下:①mRNA5’端非编码区,包括SD序列及核糖体结合位点;②mRNA5’编码区,包括起始AUG;③mRNA5’末端cap形成位点;④pre-mRNA外显子与内含子结合部位;⑤mRNApoly-A形成位点;⑥DNA复制的RNA引物;⑦外显子内部等。 反义RNA通过与RNA互补结合,在RNA的转录、蛋白质的翻译、DNA的复制以及RNA转录后修饰
Antisense RNA is a kind of RNA complementary to mRNA, which can specifically inhibit the processing, translation and DNA replication of a certain mRNA and specifically block the expression of this gene. Antisense RNA was first found in prokaryotic cells, followed by confirmation of antisense inhibition of prokaryotic gene expression regulation of a way. In eukaryotic cells, it was not until 1986 that Williams et al. First observed RNA complementary regions in the mouse genome, confirming the existence of antisense inhibition in eukaryotic cells. The antisense RNAs are mainly located at the 5 ’untranslated region of the mRNA, including the SD sequence and the ribosome binding site; ② the 5’ coding region of the mRNA, including the initial AUG; ③ the cap formation site of the 5 ’end of the mRNA; Sub-and intron binding sites; ⑤ mRNApoly-A formation site; ⑥DNA replication of RNA primers; ⑦ exon and so on. Antisense RNA binds complementarily to RNA and is involved in RNA transcription, protein translation, DNA replication, and RNA post-transcriptional modification