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目的研究低水平氟接触对人群周围血淋巴细胞DNA损伤及红外光谱的影响。方法采用整群抽样方法,以某大型铝生产企业的热电、铸造和铝电解车间工人作为低、中和高氟接触组,以矿山开采部工人为对照组,按照年龄和工龄1∶1匹配,每组20名男性工人。采用氟离子选择电极法测定工作场所空气中氟化物水平;采集各组工人周围血,分离淋巴细胞,采用单细胞凝胶电泳(SCEG)实验检测淋巴细胞DNA损伤情况,采用衰减全反射-傅里叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)结合主成分分析和线性判别分析对淋巴细胞分子化学结构和水平改变情况进行分析。结果矿山开采部空气中未检出氟化物,热电、铸造和铝电解3个车间空气中氟化物短时间接触浓度分别为0.03~0.08(0.06±0.02)、0.04~0.12(0.10±0.02)和0.11~0.45(0.28±0.03)mg/m3。SCEG实验结果显示:氟接触人群周围血淋巴细胞彗星率随氟化物接触水平增加而增加(P<0.01),尾部DNA百分率、尾长和Olive尾距均与氟化物接触水平呈正相关(Spearman相关系数分别0.765、0.725和0.714,P<0.01);中、高氟接触组彗星率均高于对照组[4.90%vs 2.30%,33.40%vs 2.30%,P<0.001];中氟接触组尾部DNA百分率、尾长和Olive尾距均高于对照组[0.89(0.69,1.45)%vs 0.32(0.19,0.73)%,3.67(3.17,4.51)μm vs 3.06(3.02,3.45)μm,0.05(0.02,0.08)μm vs 0.01(0.01,0.04)μm,P<0.05];高氟接触组上述3个指标均高于对照组[4.41(3.05,5.01)%vs0.32(0.19,0.73)%,10.56(7.59,11.56)μm vs 3.06(3.02,3.45)μm,0.95(0.62,1.06)μm vs 0.01(0.01,0.04)μm,P<0.05]。ATR-FTIR分析结果显示:与对照组比较,3个氟接触组人群周围血淋巴细胞红外光谱图多个峰值下降、峰型变异和位移,反映氟导致人体周围血淋巴细胞的DNA/RNA、糖原、对称性磷酸盐/DNA、酰胺酶和蛋白质的化学结构或水平发生改变。结论低水平氟可能导致职业接触人群周围血淋巴细胞DNA损伤,呈一定程度的剂量-效应关系,主要导致细胞DNA/RNA、糖原、对称性磷酸盐/DNA、酰胺酶及蛋白质化学结构的改变。
Objective To study the effect of low level fluorine exposure on DNA damage and infrared spectra of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Methods The cluster sampling method was adopted. The workers in the large, medium-sized aluminum production enterprises of thermoelectricity, foundry and aluminum electrolysis workshop were used as the low, middle and high fluoride exposure groups, and the workers in the mining department of the mine were taken as the control group, matched according to the age and length of service 1: 20 male workers in each group. Fluoride ion selective electrode method was used to determine the level of fluoride in the air of the workplace. Peripheral blood was collected from all the workers and lymphocytes were isolated. The DNA damage of lymphocytes was detected by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCEG) Leaf infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) combined with principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis of the chemical structure and level of lymphocyte changes were analyzed. Results The concentrations of fluoride in the air of three mining workshops without detecting fluoride in the mined area were 0.03-0.08 (0.06 ± 0.02), 0.04-0.12 (0.10 ± 0.02) and 0.11 ~ 0.45 (0.28 ± 0.03) mg / m3. The results of SCEG showed that the comet rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes increased with fluoride exposure (P <0.01), and the percentages of tail DNA, tail length and Olive tail were positively correlated with fluoride exposure (Spearman’s correlation coefficient (0.765, 0.725 and 0.714, respectively, P <0.01). The comet rates of middle and high fluoride exposure groups were higher than those of the control group [4.90% vs 2.30%, 33.40% vs 2.30%, P <0.001] Tail length and Olive tail length were higher than that of the control group [0.89 (0.69,1.45)% vs 0.32 (0.19,0.73)%, 3.67 (3.17,4.51) μm vs 3.06 (3.02,3.45) μm, 0.05 (0.02,0.08 ) μm vs 0.01 (0.01,0.04) μm, P <0.05]. The three indexes in the high fluoride exposure group were all higher than those in the control group [4.41 (3.05,5.01)% vs 0.32 (0.19,0.73)%, 10.56 , 11.56) μm vs 3.06 (3.02,3.45) μm, 0.95 (0.62,1.06) μm vs 0.01 (0.01,0.04) μm, P <0.05]. The results of ATR-FTIR analysis showed that compared with the control group, the infrared spectra of peripheral blood lymphocytes of three fluoride-exposed groups showed many peaks and peak-shape variations and displacements, which reflected the DNA / RNA of fluoride-induced peripheral blood lymphocytes, The chemical structure or level of the original, symmetrical phosphate / DNA, amidase, and protein changes. Conclusions Low levels of fluoride may cause DNA damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of occupationally exposed individuals, showing a dose-effect relationship with some degree, mainly resulting in changes of cellular DNA / RNA, glycogen, symmetrical phosphate / DNA, amidase and protein chemical structure .