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棉花和其它生物一样具有明显的杂种优势。即两个不同遗传类型的种或品种进行杂交,其杂种第一代(乃至二代、三代)一般都表现有比双亲更好的性状,如较强的生长势、抗逆性、适应性和较高的生产力等。据试验,陆地棉品种间杂交,杂种一代可增产20—30％,高的达50％以上,而且二、三代仍有一定的增产效果。五十年代末,我省原彭泽棉花试验站试验结果:杂种一代增产34.5％,二代增产19.7％,三代增产13.6％。本所1977—1978年对陆地棉品种间杂种优势测定表明,亲本选配得好的组合如幸红一号×苏丹棉、(辽棉3号×70-204)×江苏棉3号等,杂种一代都增产30％以上,有的杂种二代亦增产20％以上。由此可见,在生产上推广应用杂种优势是促进棉花大上快上的一项有效措施。
Cotton has the same hybrid vigor as other organisms. That is, two different genetic types or varieties of hybrids, hybrids of the first generation (and even second and third generation) generally show better than their parents traits, such as strong growth potential, resistance, adaptability and Higher productivity. According to the experiment, the cross between varieties of upland cotton, hybrid generation can increase 20-30%, up to 50% above, but two or three generations still have some yield. The end of the fifties, the province’s original Pengze cotton test station test results: hybrid generation 34.5% yield, 19.7% increase in the second generation, an increase of 13.6% in the third generation. The study of heterosis among upland cotton varieties from 1977 to 1978 showed that the parents had good combinations such as Xinghong No.1 × Sudan, Liaomian3 × 70-204 × Jiangsu3, Each generation has increased production by more than 30%, and some hybrids have also increased their production by more than 20%. Thus it can be seen that the promotion of the application of heterosis in production is an effective measure to promote the rapid development of cotton.