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近十年来应用和推广了多种直接或间接增加血钾浓度的药物,药物引起的高钾血症急骤增多。高血钾的心脏并发症——尤其是猝死使得高血钾症的预防比它的紧急治疗更为重要。 钾摄入增多引起的高钾血症 补充氯化钾:1.正常人单次口服0.5mEq/kg氯化钾并不引起血钾的明显变化,但当病人肾功能不良时,常规剂量氯化钾的补充即可引起严重的高钾血症。Paise等报告住院病人中高钾血症的发生率为2～10％。2.非治疗性补钾。如用枸椽酸钾碱化尿液;补充营养性蛋白,使用代盐(含钾10～13mEq/gr)等也可引起致命性后果。3.大剂量静
In the recent ten years, many kinds of drugs that directly or indirectly increase potassium concentration have been applied and promoted. Drug-induced hyperkalemia increased rapidly. Cardiac complications of hyperkalemia - especially sudden death - make the prevention of hyperkalemia more important than its emergency treatment. Potassium intake caused by hyperkalemia supplement potassium chloride: 1. normal single oral administration of 0.5mEq / kg potassium chloride does not cause significant changes in serum potassium, but when the patient’s renal dysfunction, the conventional dose of chlorination Potassium supplementation can cause severe hyperkalemia. Paise and other reports of in-patients with hyperkalemia incidence of 2 to 10%. 2. Non-therapeutic potassium. Such as potassium citrate basified urine; nutritional protein supplements, the use of salt (potassium 10 ~ 13mEq / gr), etc. can also cause fatal consequences. 3. High-dose static