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目的：结合１６例胸腔积液染色体检查特征，对签别良恶性胸腔积液的临床意义进行探讨。方法：留取新鲜胸腔积液标本送检，对每份标本同时进行细胞病理学检查和细胞遗传学分析，细胞遗传学分析采用直接制片法检测。结果：１６份标本中６份染色体阴性，１份标本凝固，１份在检查胸腔积液前接受过胸腔注射化疗药物，此例仅查到１０个中期核分裂细胞，未发现异常染色体，其余８份染色体阳性者主要显示染色体以多倍体及超二倍体为主，并发现１例有微小染色体。在临床动态观察中发现６例染色体检查结果阴性者和１例标本凝固者为变性疾患，经治疗胸腔积液均吸收。８例结果阳性者与细胞病理学对照分析均为恶性胸腔积液。结论：胸腔积液染色体检查方法简单，易于掌握，不需要昂贵的试剂和复杂的设备，临床假阳性结果较少，与细胞病理学检查结合分析，可明显提高确诊率，对良恶性疾患的鉴别诊断及预后判断具有一定价值
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical significance of benign and malignant pleural effusions in combination with the features of pleural effusions in 16 patients. Methods: Fresh pleural effusion specimens were collected for examination. Cytopathological examination and cytogenetic analysis were performed on each specimen at the same time. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using direct production method. Results: Of the 16 specimens, 6 chromosomes were negative, 1 specimen was coagulated, and 1 specimen received thoracic injection of chemotherapeutic drugs before pleural effusion. In this case, only 10 metaphase mitotic cells were found, no abnormal chromosomes were found, and the remaining 8 specimens were found. Chromosome positive individuals mainly showed polyploid and hyperdiploid chromosomes, and one case had microchromosomes. In clinical dynamic observations, 6 patients with negative chromosome findings and 1 sample with coagulation were found to have degenerative diseases. The pleural effusions were absorbed after treatment. 8 cases of positive results and cytopathological control were malignant pleural effusion. Conclusion: The pleural effusion chromosome examination method is simple, easy to grasp, does not require expensive reagents and complicated equipment, clinical false positive results less, combined with cytopathological examination analysis, can significantly improve the diagnosis rate, the identification of benign and malignant diseases Diagnosis and prognosis have a certain value