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本文第一部分明确了在水电站设计工作中被长期混乱了的两种计算水头的意义。确切指出“水输机平均计算水头”H_r 和 H′_r,指出它既不等于 H_ρ,也不等于 H_α,而是当水轮机直径修正为标准值时与η=f(NH)图上水轮机限制出力缐转折点相应的水头。第二部分说明了增加(Q′1)min 和(Q′1)_α的影响。作者推导出设计水轮机时的最优单元流量(Q′01)_P=(2g~(1/2)πf((ηopδ)/(2)(tanα_esinα_e)/(cosβi))~(1/2)从而论证了修割叶片以增加单元流量的方法,同时总结了一系列增加单元流量的途径。并且指出增加单元流量对水轮机空蚀性能的影响。推导出能说明影响空蚀系数的普遍公式:σokp=(2ηor)/z((Q′01)_pH_p~(1/2))/(ωlf)+k~2+ηor-1这一公式也可以说明水轮机空蚀系数测定试验之所以要求在原始设计水头下进行的基本原因。第三部分是根据作者1957年2月份出席我国某大型水电站初步设计审查会议时所获得的资料。对某厂提出要求减少水轮机直径的各个方案进行了评述。并且指出选用 PC-211型水轮机的可能性。希望承制这顶水轮机的苏联列宁格勒斯大林金属工厂给予注意。但是作者指出设计既能满足系统运行条件的要求又能减少直径的水轮机新品种对该电站来说仍是十分必要的,本文已指出了方向。最近该电站的正常高水位已经更改,那么新水轮机的设计已提到日程上来了,关于新品种问题作者将另文讨论。本文希望廓清两种计算水头的混乱概念进而指出在满足系统工作条件下减少水轮机直径以获得较高经济效益的途径。从而评述了决定我国某大型水电站水轮机直径的几个方案。
The first part of this paper clarifies the meaning of two kinds of calculating head which have been confused for a long time in the design work of hydropower station. It is pointed out that “the average head H_r and H’_r of water tankers” indicate that it is neither equal to H_ρ nor equal to H_α, but rather to the turbine output limit when the turbine diameter is corrected to the standard value and η = f (NH)缐 turning point corresponding head. The second part illustrates the effects of increasing (Q’1) min and (Q’1) _α. The author deduces the optimal unit flow (Q’01) _P = (2g ~ (1/2) πf (ηopδ) / (2) (tanα_esinα_e) / (cosβi)) ~ (1/2) when designing a turbine so that The method of cutting blades to increase the unit flow rate is demonstrated, and a series of ways to increase the unit flow rate are summarized, and the influence of unit flow rate on the cavitation erosion performance of the turbine is also pointed out. The general formula that can explain the cavitation erosion coefficient is deduced: σokp = (2ηor) / z ((Q’01) _pH_p ~ (1/2)) / (ωlf) + k ~ 2 + ηor-1 This formula can also explain the test requirements of turbine cavitation coefficient requirements in the original design head Under the basic reason.The third part is based on the author in February 1957 to attend the preliminary design review meeting of a large hydropower station in China obtained the information on the plant made a request to reduce the turbine diameter of the various programs were reviewed and pointed out that the choice of PC -211 turbines.It is hoped that attention will be paid to the Soviet Union’s Leningrad Stalin metalworks, which undertakes the construction of the turbine, but the authors point out that the design of a new turbine that meets the requirements of system operating conditions and reduces the diameter of the turbines for the plant Still very necessary , The direction has been pointed out in this article.The normal high water level of this station has been changed recently, so the design of the new turbine has already been mentioned on the agenda and the author on the new breed will be discussed separately.This paper hopes to clarify two concepts of chaos The ways of reducing the diameter of turbine to obtain high economic benefits under the condition of system operation are pointed out, and several schemes to determine the diameter of turbine of a large hydropower station in China are reviewed.