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目前,内燃机的热效率不高,它主要由一系列的(火用)损失引起.在内燃机里,燃料的(火用)损失E_(xl)为:E_(xl)=E_(xl_1)+E_(xl_2)+E_(xl_3)+E_(xl_4)+E_(xl_5) (1)式中:E_(xl_1)——燃料化学反应的(火用)损失;E_(xl_2)——冷却水带走的(火用)损失;E_(xl_3)——由活塞、缸壁等传热、摩擦向环境散失热量的(火用)损失;E_(xl_4)——废气(火用)损失;E_(xl_5)——燃气热量传给冷却介质,由于两者温差产生的不可逆(火用)损失.其中燃料燃烧(化学反应)转换过程的(火用)损失率为:
At present, the internal combustion engine’s thermal efficiency is not high, it is mainly caused by a series of exergy loss.In the internal combustion engine, the fuel exergy loss E_ (xl) is: E_ (xl) = E_ (xl_1) + E_ (xl_4) + E_ (xl_5) (1) Where: E_ (xl_1) - exergy loss of fuel chemical reaction; E_ (xl_2) - cooling water taken away (Exergy loss); E_ (xl_3) - exergy loss due to heat transfer from the piston and cylinder wall to the environment; E_ (xl_4) - exergy loss; E_ (xl_5) - The heat transfer of gas to the cooling medium due to the irreversible (exergy) loss due to the temperature difference between the two, where the exergy loss rate during the conversion of fuel combustion (chemical reaction) is: