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疼痛作为五大生命体征之一，现定义为一种与实际或潜在组织损伤相关，或类似的令人不快的感觉和情感体验。昼夜节律是自然进化赋予生物的基本特征之一，其在人体不同器官功能都有一定程度的体现，例如睡眠周期、体温调节等。近年来，疼痛昼夜节律和调控逐渐成为临床和研究的热点，大量研究证据表明疼痛均存在昼夜节律，而且疼痛与睡眠节律关系密切，失眠与疼痛经常并存，交互影响；另外人体内源性镇痛机制及镇痛药物反应性也呈现昼夜节律。了解疼痛昼夜节律变化及镇痛药物时间处方，对于急慢性疼痛的预防及治疗方案的制订十分重要。因此，有必要开展疼痛昼夜节律及机制的探索，以提高疼痛患者的整体健康水平及生活质量。“,”As one of the five vital signs, pain is now defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to actual or potential tissue damage or similar.Circadian rhythm is one of the basic characteristics endowed by natural evolution, which is reflected to a certain extent in the functions of different organs of the human body, such as sleep cycle and temperature regulation.In recent years, the rhythm expression and regulation of the pain gradually become a clinical research hot spot, and a lot of research evidence shows that pain is rhythmic.Pain is also closely related to sleep rhythm, insomnia and pain often coexist and interact each other, and in addition the endogenous analgesia mechanism and reactivity of analgesic drugs also present the rhythmic change.Understanding the changes in the circadian rhythm of pain and the time prescription of analgesics is very important for the prevention and treatment of acute and chronic pain.Therefore, it is necessary to explore the circadian rhythm of pain and its mechanism, so as to improve the overall health level and quality of life of patients with acute and chronic pain.