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土壤水分对水圈、生物圈以及大气圈之间的相互作用有着及其重要的影响,是土壤物理学、水文学研究的重要内容。干旱区生态环境脆弱,土壤水分是干旱区植物生长发育所需水分的唯一来源。以和田地区于田绿洲为例,对研究区春、夏、秋季节土壤含水量水平和垂直空间变异性进行分析,揭示干旱区绿洲土壤水分空间变化规律。结果表明:(1)于田绿洲土壤含水量具有季节性规律,春季含水量均值为0.139%,夏季为0.110%,秋季为0.123%,春季含水量高于秋季高于夏季。垂直分布上随着土壤深度的增加,土壤含水量呈逐渐增大的趋势。(2)各个季节、不同深度的土壤含水量的空间自相关性上表示出相似的变化趋势,在空间单元为1时,具有强空间自相关性。(3)研究区垂直空间分布相关性较弱,变异主要由随机因子作用而产生;绿洲内部土壤含水量明显高于外围地区。
Soil moisture plays an important role in the interaction between hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere, and is an important part of soil physics and hydrology research. The ecological environment in arid area is fragile. Soil moisture is the only source of water needed for plant growth and development in arid areas. Taking Yutian oasis in Hetian area as an example, the spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in spring, summer and autumn were analyzed to reveal the spatial variation of soil moisture in oasis in arid area. The results showed as follows: (1) The soil moisture in Yutian oasis had a seasonal pattern. The average water content in spring was 0.139%, in summer was 0.110% and in autumn was 0.123%. The spring water content was higher than that in autumn and higher than that in summer. Vertical distribution of soil depth with the increase of soil moisture showed a gradual increase in the trend. (2) The spatial autocorrelation of soil moisture at different depths shows a similar trend in different seasons, with strong spatial autocorrelation when the spatial unit is 1. (3) The correlation of vertical spatial distribution in the study area is weak, and the variation is mainly caused by the random factors; the soil moisture content in the oasis is obviously higher than that in the periphery.