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目的识别、分析与评价甘肃省某镍矿可能产生的职业病有害因素及其危害程度,提出相应的防护对策与措施,预防和控制职业病的发生。方法依据相关法律、法规和规范标准,采用现场职业卫生调查和检测法。结果该镍矿在开采过程中存在的主要职业病危害因素是矽尘、其他粉尘、水泥粉尘、一氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫、噪声、高温。检测16个粉尘作业工种,合格11个,合格率68.75%;对18个噪声作业点进行噪声测定,合格作业点16个,合格率88.89%。对一氧化碳、二氧化氮、二氧化硫和气象条件进行检测,结果均符合相关标准要求。结论尽管有针对性地采取了通风防护工程,但该镍矿粉尘和噪声危害严重,建议企业配备良好的防护设备,同时保证防护设施正常运行,有效地预防与控制职业病的发生。
Objective To identify, analyze and evaluate the possible harmful factors of occupational diseases and their harmfulness that may occur in a nickel mine in Gansu Province and put forward corresponding countermeasures and measures for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Methods According to the relevant laws, regulations and norms and standards, on-site occupational health survey and testing methods were adopted. Results The major occupational hazards in the nickel mining process were silica dust, other dust, cement dust, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, noise and high temperature. Sixteen dusty job types were tested, of which 11 were qualified with a pass rate of 68.75%. Noise was measured on 18 noisy job spots and 16 qualified job points with a pass rate of 88.89%. Carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and meteorological conditions were detected, the results are in line with the relevant standards. Conclusion Despite the targeted ventilation protection project, the dust and noise of the nickel mine are seriously endangered. It is suggested that enterprises should be equipped with good protective equipment while ensuring the normal operation of protective facilities and effectively preventing and controlling the occurrence of occupational diseases.