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为了完成一项艰巨的任务或实现一个宏伟的目标,人们需要精心安排、合理计划,安排的整个程序或计划的全部内容皆可称之为一种设计。对疾病的调查需要统计研究设计 某地出现了一种奇怪的疾病,国家或地方卫生部门希望尽快、准确地知道是什么原因引起的、如何传播的、什么样的人容易感染上、如何控制和预防此类疾病等重要问题。为了回答这些问题,研究者需要决定:选派多少人去实地调查、对拟派去调查者要进行哪些技术培训、要向他们提出哪些具体要求、要向当地多少居民(包括此病的患者和非患者)进行调查、应当向他们调查和观测哪些项目和指标、应当测量哪些环境因素的水平、如何将各调查项目纳入一张便于记录和分析的调查表、调查资料将运用哪些统计分析方法处理等一系列内容。科学合理地回答上述诸内容的计划或方案,就是为解决本问题所作的一个调查研究设计。
In order to accomplish a difficult task or achieve a grand goal, people need to make careful planning, rational planning, scheduling the entire program or the entire contents of the program can be called a design. Surveys on diseases require a strange disease somewhere in the world. The health authorities at the national or local level want to know as soon as possible what causes, how to spread, what kind of people are susceptible to it and how to control it. Prevent such diseases and other important issues. To answer these questions, the researcher needs to decide how many people to send to the field to investigate, what technical training is required to be sent to the investigators, what specific requirements they will be asked, and how many residents in the area, including patients and non- Patients) should be investigated and observed which items and indicators, which should be measured by the level of environmental factors, how the survey items into a record for easy analysis and analysis of the questionnaire, the survey will be used to deal with statistical analysis methods A series of content. Scientifically and rationally answer the above contents of the plan or program, is to solve the problem of a research design.