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植物种子在适宜的条件下,萌发、生根、长茎、出叶直到枝叶繁茂成为高大的植株(营养体),这现象叫做生长或营养生长。这是植物生活过程中物质运动的数量变化。植物在营养生长的基础上,出现花芽、开花结实,也就是在营养体上出现了生殖器官,这些现象就叫做发育或生殖生长,这是植物生活过程中物质运动的质变过程。生长和发育的关系是对立统一的关系,这不仅是由于在植物的生活周期中有一段齐头平进的时期,而且也贯穿在由旧种子发芽到新种子形成的整个过程中。以禾谷类作物来说,其生活过程中的矛盾转化大致如下图所示:
Plant seeds under appropriate conditions, germination, rooting, long stems, leaves until the lush foliage into tall plants (vegetative), a phenomenon known as growth or vegetative growth. This is the change in the amount of material movement in the life of a plant. Plants on the basis of vegetative growth, the emergence of flower buds, flowering, that is, there is a vegetative body reproductive organs, these phenomena are called developmental or reproductive growth, which is the process of plant material during the qualitative change process. The relationship between growth and development is the unity of opposites, not only because of a period of gradual improvement in plant life cycle, but also throughout the process of germination from the old seed to the formation of new seed. In the case of cereal crops, the contradictions and transformations in their lives are roughly as follows: