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斑痕类型鉴别是法医物证检验的重要步骤之一,精斑中所含有的DNA和RNA的鉴定可以提供识别犯罪嫌疑人的个性证据,因此精斑的确认对案件属性和犯罪事实具有至关重要的作用。精斑识别的传统方法注重检测其中特异性的功能蛋白或者含量高的蛋白,如碱性磷酸酶、前列腺特异性抗原等。尽管这些标志物特异性相对较强,但蛋白质稳定性差,灵敏度低,检测结果易带主观性倾向等,限制了传统方法的检出率。为了克服这些限制,拉曼光谱法、质谱检测蛋白标志物、精子适体技术、特异性m RNA和micro RNA的检测、组织差异DNA甲基化等新技术相继出现,这些方法为微量、甚至陈旧性等疑难检材的个性鉴定开辟了新的途径。
Identification of the type of scar is one of the important steps in forensic evidence testing. The identification of DNA and RNA contained in the semen can provide personality evidence to identify the suspect, so the confirmation of the semen is crucial to the nature of the case and the facts of the crime effect. The traditional method of spot recognition focuses on the detection of specific functional proteins or high content of proteins such as alkaline phosphatase and prostate-specific antigen. Although these markers are relatively specific, but poor protein stability, low sensitivity, easy to test results with the subjective tendency, limiting the detection rate of the traditional methods. To overcome these limitations, Raman spectroscopy, MS detection of protein markers, sperm aptamer technology, detection of specific m RNAs and micro RNAs, and tissue-specific DNA methylation have emerged in succession as trace or even outdated Personality identification of sex and other difficult samples opened up new avenues.