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这是日本一个座谈会上的发言记录,与会专家谈到切削加工、磨削加工、电加工、微细加工等领域如何适应下一个世纪技术发展需要的诸多问题。现将有关切削加工的部分简介如下: (1)21世纪加工技术的特点是高精度比、高技率化、高质量比、微细化和智能比。就切削加工而言,薄膜技术将进一步发展,今后将不是对整个刀具进行镀膜,而只是在刀具的必要部分进行镀膜处理。 (2)切削加工和磨削加工、塑性加工相互交叉,过去需进行磨削加工的高硬度材料加工,将逐渐被切削加工所取代;而一些切削加工的领域,又将引进塑性加工或磨削加工技术。 (3)切削加工中的刀具磨损问题将进一步受到重视,尤其在超精密切削加工中,刀具磨损是一个十分重要的问题。今后可能采取刀具多刃化的途径来减轻刀具磨损的影响,井逐步解决磨损的补偿问题。 (4)切削加工的高速化进展很快,有人曾在1970年前后在车床上进行8000m/min的切削试验,这种速度完全可用于铝合金的切削加工,但对钢类材料却不适用。1980年有人用立铣刀高速切削铝合金获得成功,1990年德国的研究人员对CBN和金刚石刀具高速切削的实用性进行了试验,速度指标是6000m/min,从理论上讲,这种速度是完全可能实现的。到21世纪时,高速切削加工将
This is a record on a symposium held by Japan. Experts present at the meeting talked about how to adapt to the technological development needs of the next century in areas such as cutting, grinding, electrical processing and microfabrication. Now the cutting part of the introduction are as follows: (1) 21st century processing technology is characterized by high precision ratio, high-rate, high quality ratio, micronization and smart ratio. In terms of cutting, thin film technology will further develop, the future will not be the entire tool coating, but only in the necessary part of the tool coating. (2) cutting and grinding, plastic processing cross each other in the past need to carry out grinding of high hardness material processing, will gradually be replaced by cutting; and some cutting areas, but also the introduction of plastic processing or grinding Processing Technology. (3) Cutting tool wear problem will be further valued, especially in ultra-precision machining, tool wear is a very important issue. The future may take the tool of multi-blade approach to reduce the impact of tool wear, and gradually solve the problem of wear and tear compensation. (4) The speedup of cutting has been progressing rapidly. Some people conducted a cutting test on a lathe at around 8000m / min around 1970, which is completely applicable to the cutting of aluminum alloys but not to steel. In 1980, it was succeeded in cutting high-speed aluminum alloy with an end mill. In 1990, researchers in Germany conducted experiments on the practicality of high-speed cutting of CBN and diamond tools with a speed index of 6000 m / min. Theoretically, this speed is Completely possible. By the 21st century, high-speed machining will be