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目的探讨广州地区小学生意外伤害的流行病学特征及影响因素,为儿童意外伤害预防和干预提供理论依据。方法分层随机整群抽取广州地区4所小学一~六年级学生2 430名,回顾性调查1年内意外伤害发生情况。结果小学生意外伤害的发生率为34.24%,男生(36.85%)高于女生(31.51%)(χ2=7.685,P=0.006),郊区(38.97%)高于城区(29.48%)(χ2=24.281,P=0.000);四年级最高(56.52%),年级之间发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=185.582,P=0.000)。居发生率前3位的意外伤害分别为跌伤(18.81%)、碰击伤(3.37%)、烧烫伤(2.22%)。以轻伤为主,占92.8%;下肢(34.4%)、手指(20.7%)为主要伤害部位,家里或宿舍(28.3%)、学校(24.6%)、上学途中(22.4%)为主要伤害发生场所。随着父母文化程度的增高,学生意外伤害发生率呈下降趋势(χ2=205.566,P=0.000)。结论儿童意外伤害发生率较高,应加强安全管理教育预防伤害。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of accidental injuries among pupils in Guangzhou and to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and intervention of accidental injuries in children. Methods A stratified random cluster analysis was conducted to collect 2 430 students of Grade 1 to 6 in 4 primary schools in Guangzhou. The incidence of accidental injuries within 1 year was retrospectively investigated. Results The incidence of accidental injuries among primary school students was 34.24%, that of boys (36.85%) was higher than that of girls (χ2 = 7.685, P = 0.006), that of suburbs was higher than that of urban areas (29.48% P = 0.000). The highest grade (56.52%) in the fourth grade and the difference in grade between the grades were statistically significant (χ2 = 185.582, P = 0.000). The top three accidents in Habitat were accidental injuries (18.81%), impact injuries (3.37%) and burns (2.22%) respectively. Mainly minor injuries, accounting for 92.8%; lower limbs (34.4%), fingers (20.7%) as the main injury site, home or dormitory (28.3%), school (24.6%) and middle school students (22.4% place. With the increase of parents’ educational level, the incidence of accidental injury among students showed a downward trend (χ2 = 205.566, P = 0.000). Conclusion The incidence of accidental injuries in children is high, and safety management education should be strengthened to prevent injuries.