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目的:观察3岁以下儿童睡眠现状并进行睡眠障碍发生情况分析。方法:采取分层抽样法选取重庆市沙坪坝区3岁以下儿童978例,采用问卷调查的方式让家长现场答卷,获得数据。家长文化水平较低者调查员帮助答卷。结果:选取的978例儿童中,睡前予以安慰的儿童共有532例,占54.40%,男女童之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。睡眠时间随年龄增大而减少,男女童之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。睡眠方式中与看护人同床睡眠的比例最高,达41.21%。睡眠障碍发生率为22.39%,睡眠障碍类型主要有睡眠不安、睡眠节律紊乱(白天睡的多,夜间清醒)、入睡困难、入睡过早、肢体抽动、异态睡眠(俯卧、打鼾)。结论:重庆市沙坪坝区3岁以下儿童睡眠障碍发生率较高,性别差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。主要与儿童睡眠知识普及率较低,看护人和医务人员对儿童睡眠重要性认识不够导致的睡眠习惯不良有关。
Objective: To observe the status of sleep in children under 3 years of age and analyze the occurrence of sleep disorders. Methods: By stratified sampling method, 978 children under 3 years of age were selected from Shapingba District of Chongqing. Through questionnaire survey, parents were asked to answer the questions on site and get the data. Investigators of parents with lower education level help answer the questionnaire. Results: Among the 978 selected children, there were 532 children who were comforted before going to bed, accounting for 54.40%. There was no significant difference between boys and girls (P> 0.05). Sleep time decreased with age, there was no significant difference between boys and girls (P> 0.05). Sleeping sleep with caregivers the highest proportion of bed, up 41.21%. The incidence of sleep disorders was 22.39%. The main types of sleep disorders were dyslipidemia, disturbed sleep rhythm (sleep more during the day and awake at night), difficulty falling asleep, early falling asleep, twitching limbs, and abnormal sleep (prone, snoring). Conclusion: The incidence of sleep disorders in children under 3 years of age is high in Shapingba District of Chongqing Municipality, with no significant difference in gender (P> 0.05). Mainly associated with children’s lower prevalence of sleep knowledge, caregivers and medical staff on the importance of children’s sleep caused by poor sleep habits related to poor.