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土壤中,山于水势分布不均,土壤水由土水势高的向土水势低的地方运移,这个能量转换的过程,就产生了土壤水的运动,以求达到土体中的水势平衡;由于土壤要与大气、地下水、地表作物、地面径流等不停顿地进行水交换,而太阳辐射又不断地输入能量,所以土体中的土水势是不可能达到平衡的,这样就使得土壤水处于永远不间断的运动状态。土壤水的运动方式,有饱和流(土壤全部孔隙导水的水流)和非饱和流(土壤只有部分孔隙导水的水流),它们都服从液体在多孔介质中流动的达西定律。
In the soil, the mountain is unevenly distributed in the water potential, and the soil water is transported from the place where the soil water is high to the place where the soil water potential is low. This energy conversion process produces soil water movement in order to achieve the balance of water potential in the soil. Because the soil must exchange water with the atmosphere, groundwater, surface crops, surface runoff and other non-stop water, and the solar radiation continuously input energy, soil water potential in the soil can not be balanced, thus making the soil water in Uninterrupted movement. Soil water movement, saturated flow (the soil pore water conductivity) and unsaturated flow (soil only part of the pore conductivity of the water flow), they are subject to liquid flow in porous media Darcy’s law.