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权利平等是自由主义正义理论的基础和核心。马克思批判了自由主义正义理论所具有的欺骗性和排斥性:一方面它否认人的现实差别,表面上是一种平等主张,实际上却是在主张不平等;另一方面,它本质上是利己的人的权利,体现的是人与人之间的分立性和排斥性。在批判权利原则的基础上,马克思从人自身出发,以人的贡献和需要为基础,构建了以人为目的的正义理论,从而超越了自由主义的正义原则。与权利原则的利己性和分立性不同,需要原则以需要为基础,要求超越法权的边界,去关怀和爱护他人。最终人的自由发展是马克思以需要为基础的正义理论的终极目标。
Equality of rights is the foundation and core of liberal theory of justice. Marx criticized the fraudulent and exclusive nature of the liberalist theory of justice: on the one hand, it denies the reality of human beings on the one hand and is ostensibly an equal claim on the other; it is actually advocating inequality; on the other hand, it is essentially The rights of self-serving people reflect the separation and exclusion between people. On the basis of criticizing the principle of right, Marx based on man’s own contribution and needs, built up the people-oriented theory of justice and thus surpassed the principle of liberalism. In contrast with the principle of self-interest and separation of rights, principles need to be based on needs and require the transgression of the boundaries of the law to care for and care for others. The ultimate goal of Marxist theory of justice based on needs is the free development of the ultimate human.