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目的研究北京市场经常食用的四种淡水鱼的总汞和甲基汞的含量,评价普通人群汞暴露的风险。方法从市场购买4种人们经常食用的代表不同品种的淡水鱼:鲤鱼、草鱼、鳙鱼和黑鱼,取其肌肉、肝脏和鱼鳃,利用超声波辅助溶剂萃取-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定其总汞和甲基汞,样品加入6mol/L HCl超声2h,取部分上清直接稀释测定总汞,另一部分加CH2Cl2萃取并用水反萃测量甲基汞。通过测定标准参考物质DORM-2和DOLT-3用以评价方法的可靠性。结果按各种鱼肉中总汞和甲基汞平均含量最高值,可排出如下顺序:黑鱼>鳙鱼>草鱼>鲤鱼,表明鱼体中汞的蓄积是与食物链密切相关的。其中甲基汞所占的百分比均值为80%,甲基汞的浓度与总汞的浓度是成正比的。研究了鳙鱼和黑鱼的肝脏和鳃的总汞和甲基汞含量及甲基汞所占的百分比,其中汞的含量是肌肉组织>肝脏>鳃,而甲基汞所占总汞的比例为:肌肉组织>鳃>肝脏,甲基汞主要蓄积在可食用的肌肉组织中。结论根据我国国家淡水鱼食品卫生标准,北京市场的四种淡水鱼的汞含量均低于国家标准,因此对于人们食用是安全的。
Objective To study the contents of total mercury and methylmercury in four kinds of freshwater fish, which are often consumed in the Beijing market, to evaluate the risk of mercury exposure in the general population. METHODS: Four species of freshwater fish, common carp, grass carp, bighead carp and black carp, commonly consumed by the market, were purchased from the market and their gills, liver and fish gills were collected and their total mercury was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction And methylmercury, the sample was added 6mol / L HCl ultrasonic 2h, take part of the supernatant direct dilution determination of total mercury, the other part with CH2Cl2 extraction and backscatter measurement methylmercury. The determination of the standard reference materials DORM-2 and DOLT-3 was used to evaluate the reliability of the method. Results According to the highest average content of total mercury and methylmercury in all kinds of fish, the following order could be expelled: black fish> bighead carp> grass carp> carp, indicating that the accumulation of mercury in fish is closely related to the food chain. The average percentage of methylmercury is 80%, and the concentration of methylmercury is directly proportional to the total mercury concentration. The total mercury and methylmercury and the percentage of methylmercury in the liver and gills of bream and blackfish were studied. The content of mercury was muscle tissue> liver> gill, while the percentage of total mercury in methylmercury was : Muscle tissue> Gill> Liver, methylmercury mainly accumulates in edible muscle tissue. Conclusions According to the national standards for freshwater fish food hygiene in China, the mercury content of four kinds of freshwater fish in the Beijing market is lower than the national standard, so it is safe for people to eat.