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只有几个分子那么厚的流体层如果被夹在固定的结构表面之间就能获得像固体那样的次序,人们知道这一点已经好几年了。根据《化学物理杂志》报导的伊斯雷拉威利等人的新的实验,这样的类似固体的次序在两个表面处于相对运动状态时依然可能存在。这一发现可被认为是分子摩擦学诞生的标志。分子摩擦学是在原子大小的距离上研究摩擦与润滑的科学。如果在流体池中使两个表面在分子距离内合在一起,层间流体就会改变其动态与静态特性。流体的相图会被改变,其热传递系数会发生变化,其质会变得不均匀,还可能变得各向异性。决定流体特性的因素很多,如流体的最初结构、两个表面的结构与可比性、表
It has been known for years that fluid layers, as thin as a few molecules, can achieve the same order of solids as if they had been sandwiched between surfaces of fixed structures. According to new experiments by Isrela Will and others reported in the Journal of Chemical Physics, such a solid-like order may still exist when two surfaces are in relative motion. This discovery can be considered as a symbol of the birth of molecular tribology. Molecular tribology is the science of friction and lubrication at the atomic distance. If the two surfaces in the fluid pool are brought together within the molecular distance, the fluid in the interlayer changes its dynamic and static properties. The phase diagram of the fluid will be changed, its heat transfer coefficient will change, its quality will become non-uniform, and it may become anisotropic. Many factors determine the fluid characteristics, such as the initial structure of the fluid, the structure and comparability of the two surfaces, the table