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本文利用跨国企业(MNEs)的数据探究了中国对外直接投资(OFDI)对母国劳动力市场的影响。首先对解释促使企业转型为跨国企业的两种观点,即资源导向和市场导向进行了区分和说明。接着从实证的角度考察了该两种观点对中国企业层面劳动力市场的适用性,即中国劳动力市场究竟是市场导向型还是资源导向型。通过跨国企业层面的数据分析,发现跨国企业相对于国内企业而言,就业率一般会高出25%左右。该实证结果通过了多种稳健性检验,包括使用替代变量、额外变量、子样本回归以及倾向性得分配对等方法。
This article explores the impact of OFDI on home-country labor markets using data from multinational corporations (MNEs). First of all, it explains the two kinds of views that explain the transformation of enterprises into multinational enterprises, namely, resource-oriented and market-oriented. Then it examines empirically the applicability of these two kinds of views to the labor market at the Chinese firm level, that is, whether China’s labor market is market-oriented or resource-oriented. Through the data analysis at the level of multinational corporations, it is found that the employment rate of multinational enterprises is generally higher than that of domestic enterprises by about 25%. The empirical results pass a variety of robustness tests, including the use of alternative variables, additional variables, sub-sample regression, and propensity score assignment.