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引起感染性腹泻的病原体种类繁多,除很多种细菌外,尚有病毒(主要为轮状病毒、诺沃克病毒)、寄生虫(主要有溶组织阿米巴、兰氏贾第鞭毛虫)及霉菌。一、分类感染性腹泻根据其发病机理,大致可分为肠毒素性腹泻和侵袭性腹泻两大类: 1.肠毒素性(毒素介导性)腹泻:病原体不侵入肠粘膜,仅接触及粘附于粘膜表面,而靠其毒素与受体结合,发挥启动作用,刺激肠上皮细胞分泌,引起腹泻。这类包括霍乱、副霍乱,金黄色葡萄球菌、产毒素性及致病性大肠杆菌(ETEC EPEC)、变形杆菌等引起的腹泻。这类腹泻的特点是常有明确的不洁饮食史和集体发病史,潜伏期较短,金身中毒症状轻,水样便,脱水和电解质紊
A variety of pathogens causing infectious diarrhea, in addition to a variety of bacteria, there are viruses (mainly rotavirus, Norwalk virus), parasites (mainly E. histolytica, Giardia lamblia) and mold . First, the classification According to its pathogenesis, infectious diarrhea can be divided into two major categories of enterotoxin diarrhea and invasive diarrhea: 1. Enterotoxin (toxin-mediated) diarrhea: pathogens do not invade the intestinal mucosa, only contact and sticky Attached to the mucosal surface, but by its toxin and receptor binding, play a role in the initiation, stimulate the secretion of intestinal epithelial cells, causing diarrhea. These include diarrhea caused by cholera, cholera, Staphylococcus aureus, toxin-producing and pathogenic Escherichia coli (ETEC EPEC), Proteus and others. This type of diarrhea is often characterized by unclean eating history and a history of collective disease, a short incubation period, mild symptoms of gold poisoning, watery stools, dehydration and electrolyte imbalance