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Objective: To study the changes of serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) in patients with mechanical trauma and the relationship between sIL-2R serum level and injury severity score(ISS), and to explore the mechanism of changes and clinical significances of sIL-2R. Methods: According to the criterion of ISS, 50 patients with mechanical trauma were divided into mild degree group, severe degree group and extremely severe degree group. Twenty-five of those were dynamically observed for 12 d. Blood samples of all the patients were obtained within 24 h, and on d 3, d 5, d 7, d 9 and d 12 in dynamically observed patients. The serum concentration of sIL-2R was assayed by ELISA. Results: Level of sIL-2R was significantly higher in patients with trauma than that in healthy persons within 24 h (P＜0. 05). Dynamical observation showed curving changes of sIL-2R with increasing in early stage and decreasing later. The climax of sIL-2R appeared earlier in mild group than that in severe degree group and extremely severe degree group.Level of sIL-2R was correlative with the severity of trauma (r= 0. 306, P＜0. 05). Conclusion: Level of sIL-2R is a reliable index to evaluate the degree of trauma. The increase of sIL-2R shows the immunological function of patients with mechanical trauma is suppresed.