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分子生物学技术是临床诊断和治疗监测慢性丙型肝炎病毒（ HCV）感染的常用手段。这些技术可以检测和定量病毒核酸并且分析核酸序列，确定HCV的基因型和亚型，识别病毒的耐药突变位点。实时荧光技术，由于敏感性高，特异性好，已广泛应用于HCV感染的临床诊断和治疗监测；下一代基因测序技术可明显提高测序深度，但目前多限于科学研究。该文回顾性分析了用于 HCV 感染诊断的实验室检测技术。“,”Molecular biological techniques are the major methods to diagnose and monitor hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection.These methods can quantify and analyze nucleotide sequence,determine HCV geno-types and subtypes,and identity drug resistance mutations.Real-time fluorescence technology is a method of high sensitivity and good specificity to diagnose HCV infection and monitor the treatment .The next-generation sequencing technology can obviously improve the sequencing depth , but currently is limited to scientific research.Here is to make a review of the advances of HCV infection laboratory testing technologies.