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选用地理纬度相似的中国辽宁省、美国俄亥俄州新近育成的大豆品种,分别和中国辽宁省20世纪20年代老品种进行了农艺性状的比较研究。结果表明:中美大豆品种主要农艺性状遗传改进的共有趋势是主茎荚数、单株荚数、3粒和4粒荚率、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、粒茎比、收获指数明显增加。株高、主茎节数、节间长度和分枝数显著降低。美国新品种的单株荚数、单株粒数和粒茎比的增加幅度明显高于同期的中国新品种。而中国新品种的百粒重显著高于美国新品种。施肥水平对不同年代大豆品种主要农艺性状也有一定影响,且美国新品种在高肥条件下比中国新品种表现出更高的增产潜力。
The newly developed soybean varieties with similar geographic latitudes in Liaoning Province of China and Ohio of USA were compared with the agronomic traits of Liaoning Province in the 1920s. The results showed that the common trend of the genetic improvement of the main agronomic traits of the Sino-U.S. Soybean varieties was the number of pods per plant, pods per plant, three and four pods, the number of single plant per plant, the weight per plant, Compared with the harvest index increased significantly. Plant height, number of main stems, internode length and number of branches were significantly reduced. The new varieties of the United States pods per plant, grain number per plant and grain-stem ratio increased significantly higher than the same period of new varieties in China. However, the new 100-grain weight of new breeds in China is significantly higher than that of new breeds in the United States. The fertilization level also had some effects on the main agronomic traits of soybean varieties in different ages, and the new varieties in the United States showed higher yield potential than Chinese new varieties under high-fat conditions.