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2007—2010广东英语高考基础写作的话题统计表。
关于如何备考基础写作,笔者着重提三条建议:
一、以话题为中心积累相关词句
从上表可以看出,基础写作的话题都来自于教材。考生只要积累相关的话题素材,储备相关的词汇,在考试中就可以有话可说、有句可用。从必修1到必修8可整合出约19个话题,即友谊、语言(学习)、旅游与交通、自然与灾害、人物、文化遗产、体育、科技、动物保护、世界与环境、休闲娱乐、饮食与健康、国家风貌、媒介与沟通方式、急救、文化与艺术、人与社会、社会热点和校园生活。
我们应当学会以话题为中心对相关的词和句进行归类和整合。现以必修1 Unit 4 Earthquake 为例,谈谈如何收集与常见话题相关的词句。
二、以谓语为中心支撑句子骨架
谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构,以谓语动词为中心是英语造句的重要原则。考生在连词成句时一定要明确句子必须包含两个部分:“主语 谓语”。主语一般由名词或相当于名词的成分来充当,谓语都是用动词来充当。一个句子有了主语和谓语动词之后,一个句子的基本骨架就成形了,但意思往往还不够完整,还需要在动词后面接其他成分。具体接什么成分,这是由谓语动词决定的。动词决定了一个句子是否有宾语,或者几个宾语,或者是否需用补足语等。要提高遣词造句的能力,就要把重点放在如何正确使用动词上面。
以2008广东英语高考基础写作的范文为例,动词或短语动词在句子的表达中起重要作用。(黑体字部分)
Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympics, toseventeeneventsin allnow.
从近几年高考基础写作范文中的动词使用情况来看,句子的谓语大多由实义动词和短语动词来充当。
三、了解英汉表达差异,抵制汉语思维
我们在平时的学习中要注意了解英汉两种语言传递信息的模式差异。汉语是“意合”,即句子传递信息的前后关系和逻辑顺序主要靠“字序”的排列或句子意义的本身来体现。句子没有一定的主谓框架限制,比较少用介词、短语介词和连接词,句子间的逻辑关系比较松弛。如“他病了没来。”中就没有连词,但从意思上可推测“病了”是原因,“没来”是结果。而英语是“形合”,即句子以“主谓结构”为全句的出发点,借助各种关联词进行搭架,如连词、介词、关系词等,其形式比较严谨,缺乏弹性。比如要表达“他病了没来。”就要使用连接词because或so或使用其他语法手段:
He was ill, so he was absent.
He was absent because he was ill.
Being ill,he was absent.
我们有的同学因受到了汉语意合思维表达的影响,在作文中往往出现以下之类的语篇错误。请注意比较正误表达的不同:
1. 主谓不清。
[误]Tom, one of my best friends, who is always praised by his parents.
[正]Tom, one of my best friends, is always praised by his parents.
2. 断句不准。
[误]Water becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
[正]Water becomes an important part in our daily life because we cannot live without it.
3. 缺乏过渡词。
[误]The second hand smoke is bad for our body. The rules of banning smoking are often ignored by some people in our city.
[正]The second hand smoke is bad for our body. However, the rules of banning smoking are often ignored by some people in our city.
4. 乱用过渡词。
[误]The air in the countryside is fresh, then many people like to live there.
[正]The air in the countryside is so fresh that many people like to live there.
[误]A graduate wants to be employed, so he must have a successful job interview first.
[正]If a graduate wants to be employed, he must have a successful job interview first.
5. 句意不连贯。
[误]Because many students play net games in net bars, it is becoming more serious.
[正]Many students play net games in net bars, which is becoming more serious.
此处,考生要熟记并掌握一些常用的过渡词以及他们所表达的逻辑意义。如:
举例:for example, such as, ...
对照:on the contrary, while...
转折:though, but, however....
原因:because, due to, ...
结果:so, therefore, as a result of,....
递进:furthermore, what’s more, not only...but also, ...
责任编校蒋小青
关于如何备考基础写作,笔者着重提三条建议:
一、以话题为中心积累相关词句
从上表可以看出,基础写作的话题都来自于教材。考生只要积累相关的话题素材,储备相关的词汇,在考试中就可以有话可说、有句可用。从必修1到必修8可整合出约19个话题,即友谊、语言(学习)、旅游与交通、自然与灾害、人物、文化遗产、体育、科技、动物保护、世界与环境、休闲娱乐、饮食与健康、国家风貌、媒介与沟通方式、急救、文化与艺术、人与社会、社会热点和校园生活。
我们应当学会以话题为中心对相关的词和句进行归类和整合。现以必修1 Unit 4 Earthquake 为例,谈谈如何收集与常见话题相关的词句。
二、以谓语为中心支撑句子骨架
谓语动词决定了一个句子的骨架结构,以谓语动词为中心是英语造句的重要原则。考生在连词成句时一定要明确句子必须包含两个部分:“主语 谓语”。主语一般由名词或相当于名词的成分来充当,谓语都是用动词来充当。一个句子有了主语和谓语动词之后,一个句子的基本骨架就成形了,但意思往往还不够完整,还需要在动词后面接其他成分。具体接什么成分,这是由谓语动词决定的。动词决定了一个句子是否有宾语,或者几个宾语,或者是否需用补足语等。要提高遣词造句的能力,就要把重点放在如何正确使用动词上面。
以2008广东英语高考基础写作的范文为例,动词或短语动词在句子的表达中起重要作用。(黑体字部分)
Shooting, originated as a means of survival, developed into a sport only in the late 19th century. The sport first appeared in 1896, but none were contested during the 1904 and 1928 games. The sport returned to the Olympics in 1932. Women were first allowed to compete in the Olympic shooting in 1968. The sport has grown steadily from just three shooting events at the 1896 Olympics, toseventeeneventsin allnow.
从近几年高考基础写作范文中的动词使用情况来看,句子的谓语大多由实义动词和短语动词来充当。
三、了解英汉表达差异,抵制汉语思维
我们在平时的学习中要注意了解英汉两种语言传递信息的模式差异。汉语是“意合”,即句子传递信息的前后关系和逻辑顺序主要靠“字序”的排列或句子意义的本身来体现。句子没有一定的主谓框架限制,比较少用介词、短语介词和连接词,句子间的逻辑关系比较松弛。如“他病了没来。”中就没有连词,但从意思上可推测“病了”是原因,“没来”是结果。而英语是“形合”,即句子以“主谓结构”为全句的出发点,借助各种关联词进行搭架,如连词、介词、关系词等,其形式比较严谨,缺乏弹性。比如要表达“他病了没来。”就要使用连接词because或so或使用其他语法手段:
He was ill, so he was absent.
He was absent because he was ill.
Being ill,he was absent.
我们有的同学因受到了汉语意合思维表达的影响,在作文中往往出现以下之类的语篇错误。请注意比较正误表达的不同:
1. 主谓不清。
[误]Tom, one of my best friends, who is always praised by his parents.
[正]Tom, one of my best friends, is always praised by his parents.
2. 断句不准。
[误]Water becomes an important part in our daily life. Because we cannot live without it.
[正]Water becomes an important part in our daily life because we cannot live without it.
3. 缺乏过渡词。
[误]The second hand smoke is bad for our body. The rules of banning smoking are often ignored by some people in our city.
[正]The second hand smoke is bad for our body. However, the rules of banning smoking are often ignored by some people in our city.
4. 乱用过渡词。
[误]The air in the countryside is fresh, then many people like to live there.
[正]The air in the countryside is so fresh that many people like to live there.
[误]A graduate wants to be employed, so he must have a successful job interview first.
[正]If a graduate wants to be employed, he must have a successful job interview first.
5. 句意不连贯。
[误]Because many students play net games in net bars, it is becoming more serious.
[正]Many students play net games in net bars, which is becoming more serious.
此处,考生要熟记并掌握一些常用的过渡词以及他们所表达的逻辑意义。如:
举例:for example, such as, ...
对照:on the contrary, while...
转折:though, but, however....
原因:because, due to, ...
结果:so, therefore, as a result of,....
递进:furthermore, what’s more, not only...but also, ...
责任编校蒋小青