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茶树是南方山地主要经济作物。山地种茶有许多优越条件,如云雾多,温度大,多漫射光,气温暖和等。如具有“一平二丘七山”特征的宜昌地区,在地貌影响下,年均温16.9℃,比同纬度的武汉,杭州等地约高0.7℃以上,年内≥10℃的积温>200℃,持续期达250天,无霜期超过250天,年均降水1200mm左右。这些生态条件,为茶叶的高产优质提供了较坚实的气候基础。所以我国驰名中外的名茶如黄山毛峰、庐山云雾、君山银针、蒙顶黄芽等大多产自山地茶园。由于茶树一年种,多年受益,经济价值高。因此,茶叶生产一贯被作为山区农民致富的重要门路。然而山地茶园表现特别突出的水土流失问题则严重阻碍茶叶产量、质量的提高。因此,分析山地茶园水土流失的主要原因,并针对性地采取或拟定山地茶园水土保持的措施,无疑对于提高种茶效益,调动广大农民的产茶热情,充分发挥山区气候及其它资源优势,具有极为重要的现实意义。
Tea tree is the main economic crops in southern mountain. There are many advantages of mountain tea cultivation, such as clouds and more, the temperature is large, multi-stray light, warm and so on. For example, the Yichang area with the characteristics of “one level, two hills and seven hills” under the influence of landforms has an annual average temperature of 16.9 ℃, which is about 0.7 ℃ higher than that of Wuhan and Hangzhou at the same latitude. The accumulated temperature ≥10 ℃ during the year is> 200 ℃, Duration of 250 days, frost-free period of more than 250 days, the average annual rainfall of about 1200mm. These ecological conditions provide a solid climatic basis for the high yield and quality of tea. Therefore, China’s famous Chinese and foreign tea such as Huangshan Maofeng, Lushan cloud, Junshan silver needle, Meng Ding Huangya mostly produced from the mountain tea garden. As a year of tea tree, for many years to benefit, high economic value. Therefore, tea production has always been regarded as an important gateway for mountain farmers to get rich. However, the problems of soil and water loss that are particularly prominent in mountain tea gardens seriously impede the yield and quality of tea. Therefore, to analyze the main causes of soil erosion in mountainous tea plantations and to adopt or formulate the measures of soil and water conservation in mountainous tea gardens in a targeted manner will undoubtedly be of great significance for improving tea production efficiency, mobilizing enthusiasm for tea production by farmers and giving full play to mountainous climate and other resource advantages. Very important practical significance.