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终末期肾脏病(ESRD)的发病率在全球范围内呈逐年上升的趋势[1~3]。据2009年~2013年美国肾脏病数据系统的数据统计显示,ESRD人数以1.9%~2.3%的速度递增[4~7]。血液透析,作为ESRD患者最重要的肾脏替代治疗手段,在临床应用已有近50余年的历史,挽救了无数患者的生命。但是,近年来,由于慢性肾衰竭透析人群的快速增长,使世界各国的透析及其相关费用持续增加,给社会经济带来了沉重负担[8,9]。
The incidence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is on a global upward trend [1-3]. According to the statistics of the American Nephrology Data System from 2009 to 2013, the number of ESRD patients has increased from 1.9% to 2.3% [4 ~ 7]. Hemodialysis, as the most important renal replacement therapy for ESRD patients, has been in clinical practice for more than 50 years and has saved countless lives of patients. However, in recent years, due to the rapid population growth of dialysis patients with chronic renal failure, dialysis and related costs in other countries have continued to increase, which has brought heavy social and economic burdens [8,9].