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本文通过跨语言的比较来探讨中动结构的共性与个性。文章先从英语的中动结构入手,总结出了中动结构的一般性特点,继而对Sinhalese语、古希腊语、法语和德语等语言的中动结构进行跨语言的比较分析。我们发现,对于有中动形态标记的语言来说,可以直接根据中动标记来确定。而且,有形态标记的中动结构与反身结构有一定的关系,甚至可以通过这种关系的远近来对语言进行分类,如单一式中动结构和双重式中动结构。但是,这些结论都不适用于汉语,因为汉语没有形态上的中动标记。基于此,我们认为中动结构应从语义上找到共性。
This article explores the commonness and individuality of the structure of the middle class through cross-language comparison. The article begins with the middle structure of English, summarizes the general characteristics of the middle structure, and then conducts a cross-lingual comparative analysis of the intermediate structures of Sinhalese, Ancient Greek, French and German languages. We find that for languages that have a motive sign, it can be determined directly from the motivational sign. Moreover, there is a certain relationship between the modal middle form and the reflexive structure, and even the language can be classified according to the distance between the two forms, such as single-type and double-type structures. However, none of these conclusions apply to Chinese because Chinese does not have a morphological middle mark. Based on this, we believe that the structure of the middle should be found semantically common.