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多环芳烃(PAHs)是重要的环境污染物,主要来源于自然界和人为生产生活中含碳氢有机物的不完全燃烧,如汽车尾气、油脂食物烧烤和香烟等,近年来其污染水平日益严重,由此造成的健康损害也受到更多关注。除部分PAHs具有致癌作用外,PAHs引起的非恶性健康损害已成为研究热点。呼吸道是PAHs进入机体的主要途径和直接作用器官,汇总国内外相关研究内容显示,较高水平PAHs暴露可引起成人和儿童肺功能下降,增加慢性阻塞性肺病的发病和死亡率。人群流行病学研究提示PAHs不仅与哮喘发病相关,还可加重哮喘的临床症状。长期暴露于高水平致癌性PAHs如苯并(a)芘导致肺癌发病危险度升高,且存在接触剂量-效应关系。既往欠缺PAHs引起呼吸道非恶性损伤机制研究,因此,关注PAHs引起的呼吸系统损伤,特别应加强其导致非恶性呼吸系统损伤及机制研究,以保护大众呼吸健康和减少呼吸系疾病负担。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are important environmental pollutants, mainly due to the incomplete combustion of organic carbon and organic compounds in nature and man-made production and living, such as automobile exhaust gas, fat food grilling and cigarettes. In recent years, their pollution levels have become increasingly serious, The resulting health damage is also receiving more attention. In addition to the carcinogenic effects of some PAHs, the non-malignant health damage caused by PAHs has become a research hotspot. Respiratory tract is the main pathways and direct organs of PAHs entering the body. According to the research results at home and abroad, higher levels of PAHs exposure may cause lung function decline in adults and children and increase the incidence and mortality of COPD. Population epidemiological studies suggest that PAHs not only associated with the incidence of asthma, but also aggravate the clinical symptoms of asthma. Long-term exposure to high levels of carcinogenic PAHs such as benzo (a) pyrene leads to an increased risk of developing lung cancer and there is a dose-response relationship. In the past, the lack of PAHs caused non-malignant respiratory tract injury mechanism, therefore, pay attention to PAHs caused respiratory system injury, in particular, should lead to non-malignant respiratory system damage and mechanisms to protect the public respiratory health and reduce the burden of respiratory disease.