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目的探讨美沙酮维持结合认知行为治疗及家属同步健康教育对吸毒患者康复效果的影响。方法选择2012年1月—2013年12月收治的由于海洛因依赖接受美沙酮维持治疗的患者72例作为研究对象,随机分为对照组35例和研究组37例。对照组患者在美沙酮维持治疗基础上结合一般健康教育,研究组在对照组基础上结合认知行为治疗及家属同步健康教育,两组均治疗6个月。分别于治疗前后评估并比较两组患者对毒品危害性的认知程度及不良行为发生情况。计数资料采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果治疗后,研究组对毒品危害身心、易感染艾滋病、危害家庭、损害社会功能的认知率分别为89.19%、83.78%、94.59%和89.19%,均显著高于对照组的68.57%、60.00%、60.00%和65.71%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。干预后,研究组患者不遵医、懒散发生率分别为10.81%、8.11%,均低于对照组的31.43%、31.43%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。家属评价方面,研究组患者不遵医、不文明、懒散、赌博、暴力发生率分别为5.41%、13.51%、10.81%、5.41%和8.11%,均低于对照组的28.57%、34.29%、31.43%、25.71%和34.29%,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论美沙酮维持结合认知行为治疗及家属同步健康教育能显著提高吸毒患者对毒品危害性的认知程度,同时减少患者的不良行为,促进患者康复和回归社会。
Objective To explore the effects of methadone maintenance and cognitive behavioral therapy and family health education on rehabilitation of drug users. Methods Seventy-two patients who were treated with methadone maintenance treatment in heroin dependence from January 2012 to December 2013 were randomly divided into control group (n = 35) and study group (n = 37). Patients in the control group were combined with general health education on the basis of methadone maintenance treatment. The research group combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and family health education on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 6 months. Before and after treatment were evaluated and compared two groups of patients on the degree of awareness of drug hazards and adverse behavior. Count data using χ2 test, P <0.05 for the difference was statistically significant. Results After the treatment, the research group’s cognition rates of drug’s harm to the body and mind, susceptible to AIDS, endangering the family and impairing the social function were 89.19%, 83.78%, 94.59% and 89.19% respectively, which were significantly higher than 68.57% and 60.00 in the control group %, 60.00% and 65.71%, respectively (all P <0.05). After the intervention, the incidence of lazyness in the study group was 10.81% and 8.11%, respectively, which were all lower than those in the control group (31.43% and 31.43%, respectively) (all P <0.05). In the evaluation of family members, the incidence of non-compliance, uncivilized, lazy, gambling and violence in the study group were 5.41%, 13.51%, 10.81%, 5.41% and 8.11% respectively, which were all lower than those in the control group (28.57%, 34.29% 31.43%, 25.71% and 34.29%, respectively (all P <0.05). Conclusion Methadone maintenance combined with cognitive behavioral therapy and family health education can significantly improve drug addiction patients’ awareness of the dangers of drugs, while reducing the patient’s bad behavior and promote patient rehabilitation and return to society.