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一、序言水分是作物生育必不可少的重要条件。在各发育期内,水分对作物的满足程度极大地影响着作物的生育和产量。华北地区除雨季外,作物的降水保证率是很低的。土壤水分经常不能满足作物的需要而发生不同程度的干旱。因而在一些地区水分便成为农业生产的中心问题,特别是近些年来气候变化异常,水分资源不足,对水分平衡及土壤干旱进行计算和予报,以便采取措施,合理用水防止干旱,在气象为农业服务工作中有着十分重要的意义。本文根据水分平衡方程式,探讨其各主要分量及土壤干旱的计算和予报方法。为了在广大气象台站能够实际应用,所需资料都取自气象台站实际观测或气象予报。本方法存北京地
First, the preamble Water is an essential condition of crop fertility. At each developmental stage, the extent to which water meets the crop has a significant impact on the fertility and yield of the crop. In addition to the rainy season in North China, crop precipitation guarantee rate is very low. Soil moisture often can not meet the needs of crops and varying degrees of drought. Therefore, in some areas, water has become a central issue of agricultural production. In particular, in recent years, due to the abnormal climate change and insufficient water resources, the water balance and soil drought are calculated and reported to take measures to prevent water use and prevent drought. Agricultural service has a very important significance. Based on the water balance equation, this paper discusses the main components and the method of calculating and reporting soil drought. In order to practical application in the majority of meteorological stations, the required data are taken from the actual observation of meteorological stations or meteorological reports. This method is stored in Beijing