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目的探讨支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿急性发作与空气污染及气象变化的相关性。方法监测本地区1a内空气污染及气象变化,统计该地区同一时期内儿童哮喘急性发作急诊人数及住院人数,采用直线相关、多元线性逐步回归、等级相关分析方法分别分析空气污染、气象因子指标与哮喘急性发作急诊人数、住院人数间的相关性,并探讨空气污染与气象因子间的相关性。结果大气环境质量及气象因素相辅相成,空气污染及气象变化均不同程度的影响儿童哮喘急性发作。可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、二氧化硫(SO2)、二氧化氮(NO2)、空气污染指数(API)均与儿童哮喘急性发作呈正相关,PM10为主要影响指标,与哮喘相关性最强;儿童哮喘急性发作多发生在秋、冬、春季,与平均气温、最低气温、最高气温呈负相关,与气压呈正相关,且平均气温是影响哮喘发病的主要指标之一。结论空气污染、气象变化是影响儿童哮喘发作的重要因素,应做好环境保护及气象预报工作,尽可能减少其哮喘急性发作。
Objective To investigate the correlation between acute episodes of bronchial asthma (asthma) and air pollution and meteorological changes. Methods Air pollution and meteorological changes in the area 1a were monitored. Statistics were made on the number of acute exacerbations and hospitalizations for childhood asthma in the same area in the same period. Linear correlation, multiple linear stepwise regression and rank correlation analysis were used to analyze air pollution, meteorological factors and The number of acute exacerbations of asthma and the number of hospitalizations, and to explore the correlation between air pollution and meteorological factors. Results The quality of the atmospheric environment and the meteorological factors were mutually reinforcing. The air pollution and the weather changes affected the acute exacerbation of childhood asthma to varying degrees. PM10, SO2, NO2 and API were positively correlated with the acute exacerbation of childhood asthma, PM10 was the main influence index and the strongest correlation with asthma. The acute asthma of children The seizures mostly occurred in the autumn, winter and spring, and negatively correlated with the average temperature, the lowest temperature and the highest temperature, and was positively correlated with the air pressure. The average temperature was one of the main indicators that affected the incidence of asthma. Conclusions Air pollution and meteorological changes are important factors affecting the onset of childhood asthma. Environmental protection and weather forecasting should be done to minimize their acute exacerbation of asthma.