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为研究菊芋发酵秸秆作为无土栽培基质的可行性,并筛选适宜的复配基质配比,开展了番茄基质栽培中适宜配比的研究。选取草炭与蛭石体积比2︰1的基质为对照,设置发酵后菊芋秸秆的添加比例为10%、20%、30%、40%、50%等复合基质处理,测定复配基质的理化性状,研究其对番茄生长、品质、产量、抗病性等的影响。结果表明,复合基质容重、总孔隙度、持水孔隙随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而降低,持水能力、通气孔隙、大小孔隙比随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增多而增大;菊芋发酵秸秆添加量30%处理的番茄株高比对照增加8.22%;随着菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大番茄叶片Pn呈先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量10%、20%、30%和40%处理比对照处理高21.53%、17.72%、14.77%和14.20%。对照处理番茄病情指数(70.00)高于其他处理(35.72~51.98)。番茄果实可溶性固形物、维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比均随菊芋发酵秸秆添加量的增大而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20%~30%处理维生素C、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比显著高于对照;可滴定酸以对照最高,糖酸比以30%处理最高,显著高于对照处理110.39%。各处理单株总产量,菊芋发酵秸秆添加量20%和10%的处理,分别显著高于对照14.50%和12.50%。试验表明,适宜番茄基质栽培菊芋发酵秸秆的添加量为20%~30%。
In order to study the feasibility of straw Jerusalem artichoke fermentation as substrate for soilless culture, and screening the appropriate compounding matrix ratio, the suitable ratio of tomato matrix was studied. The matrix with 2︰1 volume ratio of peat and vermiculite was chosen as the control, and the composting ratio of Jerusalem artichoke straw was set as 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% , To study its effects on tomato growth, quality, yield, disease resistance and so on. The results showed that the bulk density, total porosity and water-holding pore of composite matrix decreased with the increase of fermented straws of Jerusalem artichoke. The water holding capacity, aeration pore size and void ratio increased with the increase of fermented straws of Jerusalem artichoke. The plant height of tomato treated with 30% straw added was 8.22% higher than that of the control. The Pn of tomato leaves first increased and then decreased with the increase of the amount of straw added by Jerusalem artichoke. The added amount of straw was 10%, 20%, 30% And 21%, 17.72%, 14.77% and 14.20% higher than the control treatment. The tomato disease index (70.00) was higher than other treatments (35.72 ~ 51.98). The content of soluble solids, vitamin C, soluble sugar and ratio of sugar to acid of tomato fruit all increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of fermented straws of Jerusalem artichoke. The content of vitamin C and soluble Sugar content and sugar to acid ratio were significantly higher than the control; titratable acid to the highest control, sugar acid ratio of 30% of the highest, significantly higher than the control treatment of 110.39%. The total yield per plant, the addition of 20% and 10% of Jerusalem artichoke fermentation straw were significantly higher than the control 14.50% and 12.50% respectively. The results showed that the suitable amount of fermented straw for Jerusalem artichoke grown on tomato substrate was 20% -30%.