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四、课文精选,面目一新义务大纲把课文列为“教学内容’的首位,明确指出:“指导学生学习课文,是语文课堂教学的主要内容,传授语文知识,训练语文能力,进行思想教育,培养审美情趣,主要以课文为凭借。”并提出了选择课文的四条标准:“文质兼美”、“具有典范性”、“适合教学”和“丰富多样”;规定“基本课文”作为各种课本的共同课文,课文总数应不少于180篇;在全部课文中,现代文占80%左右,文言文占20%左右;要重视选取反映建国以来的社会生活和时代精神的现代文。根据上述精神,义务教材的课文经过精心筛选,已大大优化。首先是大纲规定的“基本课文”作了调整,计有记叙文20篇,说明文13篇,议论文9篇;小说16篇,剧本2场,新诗11首,古诗19首;文言文18篇(则),共108篇(首)。其中新增课文18篇,诗15首,约占“基本课文”的30%,多数是经过教学实践效果较好的,如(雄伟的人民大会堂》、《松鼠》、《俭以养德》、《从三到万》、《怀疑与学问》、《夜走灵官峡)、《马说》、《醉翁亭记》等。各种义务教材选入的新课文(指原统编课本未选入过的)比例不等。几种初中语文第一册课文更换情况如下表:
Fourth, the text selection, new face of obligations outlined the text as “teaching content” first, clearly pointed out: “Guiding students to learn texts, is the main content of Chinese classroom teaching, teaching Chinese language knowledge, training of language skills, ideological education, training The aesthetic taste is mainly based on texts. “The four criteria for selecting texts were proposed: “Meaning both the beauty and the beauty”, “Being exemplary”, “Suitable for teaching” and “Various and diverse”; the “basic text” is regulated as the common text of various textbooks, and the total number of texts should not be In less than 180 articles, modern texts account for about 80% of all texts, and classical Chinese texts account for about 20%;it is important to select modern texts that reflect the social life and the spirit of the times since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.According to the above spirit, the texts of compulsory textbooks have been carefully selected. Has been greatly optimized.First of all, the ”Basic Texts“ prescribed in the Outline have been adjusted. There are 20 narrative articles, 13 papers, 9 dissertations; 16 novels, 2 screenplays, 11 new poems, 19 ancient poems; There are 18 articles (18 articles), altogether 108 (heads), of which 18 are new texts and 15 are poems, which account for about 30% of the “basic texts”, and most of them are better after teaching practice, such as the majestic People’s Congress. The Church, the Squirrels, and the ”Take Guardianship,“ and ”From Three to Ten Thousand,“ ”Disbelief and Learning,“ ”Let’s Walk at Lingguan Gorge,“ ”The Horse Saying,“ ”Drunkard Pavilion," etc. The proportion of new texts selected in compulsory textbooks (referring to the original textbooks that were not selected) varies. The first volume in the Chinese text to replace the following table: