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目的:应用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析苦木不同部位的挥发性化学成分。方法:采用微波辅助顶空固相微萃取技术分别提取苦木叶柄、叶和枝的主要挥发性化学成分,用气相色谱-质谱法与Kovats色谱保留指数相结合进行定性定量分析。结果:从苦木的叶柄、叶片和枝中分别鉴定出84,76,60个组分,分别占挥发油总峰面积的97.247%,97.179%,97.141%,在叶柄中主要成分香芹酚(5.201%),麝香草酚(6.185%),反式-丁香烯(6.562%),α-佛手柑油烯(6.295%),反-β-金合欢烯(5.088%),枯茗醇(10.807%),β-甜没药烯(6.136%)。叶片中主要成分是反式-丁香烯(7.017%),α-佛手柑油烯(7.848%),反-β-金合欢烯(8.297%),枯茗醇(10.728%),β-甜没药烯(7.150%),(-)-石竹烯氧化物(5.094%)。而在枝中主要是反式-丁香烯(5.530%,α-佛手柑油烯(9.997%),反-β-金合欢烯(7.994%),枯茗醇(15.416%),β-甜没药烯(12.733%)。结论:苦木叶柄、叶和枝所含挥发性成分差异较大。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the volatile components of different parts of bitter wood by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Methods: Microwave-assisted headspace solid-phase microextraction was used to extract the main chemical constituents of petiole, leaf and branch respectively. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with Kovats retention index. Results: 84,76 and 60 components were identified from petiole, leaf and branch of bitter wood, accounting for 97.247%, 97.179% and 97.141% of the total peak area of volatile oil, respectively. Carnosol (5.201% ), Thymol (6.185%), trans-caryophyllene (6.562%), α-bergapten (6.295%), anti-β-farnesene , beta-glufosinate (6.136%). The main components of leaves were trans-caryophyllene (7.017%), α-bergapten (7.848%), trans-β- farnesene (8.297%), cumunicol (10.728%), β- Adiponectin (7.150%), (-) - Caryophyllene oxide (5.094%). In the shoots, trans-caryophyllene (5.530%, α-bergamotenoid (9.997%), trans-β- farnesene (7.994%), cumunicol (15.416% Adrenergic (12.733%) .Conclusion: There are great differences between volatile components contained in petiole, leaf and branch of bitter wood.