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目的了解江西地区洪涝灾区部分居民灾害后的心理健康状况及应激反应,为出台完善重大自然灾害心理干预预案提供依据。方法采用分层整群抽样方法,使用自编的一般情况调查表、症状自评量表(SCL-90)、事件影响量表-修订版(IES-R)对江西省南昌市西湖区和安义县15～70岁受灾居民进行调查。结果共调查1149人,受灾人群中有41.69%存在不同程度的心理问题,有15.06%的人可能存在某种明显的心理问题。受灾居民除躯体化及抑郁因子得分外与全国常模差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),焦虑、敌对等症状因子得分和总分、总均分均高于全国常模,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);抑郁和敌对症状因子得分男女差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),男性受灾居民人际关系敏感因子得分较女性为低,而躯体化、强迫症状、焦虑、恐怖、偏执、精神病性及总分、总均分均高于女性受灾居民,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05);除人际关系敏感、敌对、偏执因子外(P﹥0.05),南昌地区受灾居民躯体化、强迫症状等因子及总分、总均分均高于安义县受灾居民,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。受灾居民创伤后应激症状阳性检出率为12.71%。不同性别受灾居民各应激反应症状因子及总分、总均分差异均无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);南昌地区受灾居民除闯入因子外,回避、高警觉性症状因子及总分、总均分均高于安义县受灾居民,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论极端恶劣天气对受灾居民的心理健康影响普遍而严重,尽早建立极端恶劣天气下心理干预机制十分必要。
Objective To understand the mental health status and stress response of some residents in flood-hit areas in Jiangxi Province, and provide the basis for promulgating the psychological intervention plan for major natural disasters. Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to investigate the risk factors and risk factors of hypertension in the West Lake District of Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province using self-compiled questionnaires of general conditions, Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90) and Incident Impact Scale-Revised (IES-R) Yixian 15 to 70-year-old residents surveyed. Results A total of 1149 people were surveyed, 41.69% of the affected population had different degrees of psychological problems, and 15.06% of them may have some obvious psychological problems. The affected residents had no significant difference with the national norm (except for somatization and depression factor scores) (P> 0.05). The scores of anxiety, hostility and other factors and the total scores were higher than the national norm (P <0.05). There was no significant difference between men and women in depression and hostility symptom scores (P> 0.05). Male interpersonal sensitivity scores of residents affected by inhabitants were lower than those of women, while somatization, obsessive compulsive symptoms, anxiety, Paranoid, psychotic, and total scores, the total average was higher than that of female residents affected, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05); except for sensitive, hostile, paranoid factors (P> 0.05) The factors such as complication, obsessive-compulsive symptom, total score and total score were higher than that of residents in Anyi County, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The prevalence of post-traumatic stress symptoms among residents affected was 12.71%. There was no significant difference in the symptom factors, total score and total score of stress response among residents affected by gender (P> 0.05). In addition to intrusion factor, avoidance and high alert symptom factors and total score of residents in Nanchang, The average overall score was higher than that of affected residents in Anyi County, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Extreme bad weather has a general and serious impact on the mental health of affected residents. It is very necessary to set up a mechanism of psychological intervention in extremely bad weather as early as possible.