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(一)标志管理,是人类社会发展最初阶段的特征,其职能是用一套措施保持事物已有状况的秩序和稳定不变。最主要措施是有助于识别地位、作用内容、现行结构等等的外部象征。对自己下属表现出“父亲”般关怀的领导者形象有重大的意义,这种管理也叫家长式统治。(二)静态管理,其主要特征是借助于规章、程序、传统等保持内部的秩序和稳定。官僚机构,连同其对完成程序的控制和对正式形式的强调,同取得成果相
(1) Logo management is a feature of the initial stages of human social development. Its function is to use a set of measures to maintain the order and stability of existing things. The most important measures are external symbols that help identify the status, role of content, current structure, and so on. It is of great significance to the image of a leader who shows his father’s concern as his subordinate. This type of management is also called paternalistic rule. (b) Static management, whose main feature is to maintain internal order and stability through regulations, procedures, and traditions. The bureaucracy, together with its control over the completion of procedures and the emphasis on formal forms,