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目的通过调查城市示范社区人群对艾滋病相关知识的认知程度,评估示范社区一般人群对待艾滋病态度和行为,确定目标人群和主流行为危险因素,探索艾滋病综合防治策略,有的放矢地开展艾滋病防治工作。方法以北京市崇文区龙潭社区和永外社区两个艾滋病综合防治示范社区中的社区居民、流动人口、中学生、机关企事业单位员工为调查对象,每个社区每类人群随机抽取80名。采取不记名方式对艾滋病病人和感染者的行为和态度、以及性观念和性态度等内容进行调查,对收集的相关数据进行统计分析。结果社区人群对艾滋病主要传播途径知晓率均在90%左右,其中流动人口对母婴传播的知晓率仅为79.4%。对于定期服用抗生素措施是否能预防艾滋病,只有58.9%的人认为不能。尤其是中学生和流动人群的知晓率更低,仅为45.3%和53.8%。社区人群愿意照顾感染H IV的家人、朋友、同事并为他们保密的约占80%左右,愿意留感染了H IV的同事继续在单位工作、继续与感染H IV的朋友交往的比例在60%左右,愿意让感染了H IV的老师继续在学校教书仅占45.6%,只有27.8%的人愿意从感染H IV的售货员处购买食品。结论目前社区人群对艾滋病知识的了解以及对艾滋病病人或H IV感染者态度的现状不容乐观。应采取多种形式,更加广泛、深入、持久地且有针对性地开展社区预防艾滋病知识的宣传教育工作,特别是对流动人口和中学生的教育,消除不利影响因素,遏制艾滋病的蔓延。
Objective To investigate the AIDS-related knowledge among urban demonstration community population, assess the attitude and behavior of AIDS-affected population in the model community, identify the target population and the risk factors of mainstream behaviors, explore the comprehensive AIDS prevention and control strategy, and conduct targeted AIDS prevention and treatment. Methods A total of 80 community residents, floating population, middle school students, government agencies and public institutions in two integrated prevention and control communities for HIV / AIDS in Longtan Community and Yongwai Community in Beijing were enrolled in this study. Conduct anonymous surveys on the behaviors and attitudes of AIDS patients and those infected, as well as on sexual attitudes and attitudes, and conduct statistical analysis of the data collected. Results The population awareness rate of the main transmission routes of AIDS in the community was about 90%, among which, the floating population’s awareness of mother-to-child transmission was only 79.4%. Only 58.9% of people think it will not be possible to take antibiotics regularly to prevent AIDS. In particular, the awareness rate among middle school students and migrants is even lower at 45.3% and 53.8% respectively. Around 80% of the community’s population is willing to take care of and confidentially treat family members, friends and colleagues who are infected with H IV and are willing to stay with their H IV colleagues and continue to work with H IV friends at a rate of 60% , Only 45.6% of teachers who have been infected with H IV continue to teach in school, and only 27.8% of them would like to buy food from H IV sales clerks. Conclusions At present, the community population is not optimistic about AIDS knowledge and attitude toward AIDS patients or HIV infection. More publicity and education on HIV / AIDS prevention in the community should be taken in various forms, more extensively and deeply, persistently and in a targeted manner, especially for floating population and secondary school students, eliminating adverse factors and curbing the spread of AIDS.