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HIV-Tat蛋白是人类免疫缺陷病毒-1型(HIV-1)基因编码的一种被称为反式转录激活因子,是HIV转录和复制所必须的一个很重要的调控蛋白。HIV感染细胞的早期即表达该蛋白,Tat蛋白能够由被感染细胞合成并释放到细胞外,脑脊液和血清中,能改变非感染细胞的结构和功能,特别是对神经元的结构与功能,从而促进艾滋病(AIDS)脑病的发生和发展,也就是说在中枢神经系统,HIV病毒对于神经系统的损伤多为间接损伤,主要依靠其合成蛋白,如Tat蛋白。Tat蛋白进入脑后,可以选择性地对中枢神经细胞产生毒性作用,引起神经元的凋亡,导致中枢神经系统发生病理性改变,如艾滋病痴呆(HAD)和艾滋病相关性脑炎(HIVE),然而HIV-Tat蛋白的神经毒性机制并不完全清楚。本综述将讨论HIV-Tat蛋白神经毒性及其可能的机制,为将来的研究和艾滋病脑病的防治提供更加有利的方向。
HIV-Tat is a transcription factor that is encoded by the human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) gene and is an important regulatory protein necessary for HIV transcription and replication. This protein is expressed early in HIV-infected cells, and Tat protein can be synthesized by the infected cells and released into the extracellular, cerebrospinal fluid and serum, altering the structure and function of non-infected cells, especially the structure and function of neurons, Promote the occurrence and development of AIDS encephalopathy, that is to say in the central nervous system, the HIV virus damage to the nervous system are mostly indirect damage, mainly by its synthetic proteins, such as Tat protein. Tat protein into the brain, can selectively produce toxic effects on central nervous cells, causing neuronal apoptosis, leading to pathological changes in the central nervous system, such as AIDS dementia (HAD) and AIDS-related encephalitis (HIVE) However, the neurotoxic mechanism of HIV-Tat protein is not completely understood. This review will discuss the neurotoxicity of HIV-Tat protein and its possible mechanism, providing a more favorable direction for future research and prevention and treatment of AIDS encephalopathy.