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目的为研制适合我国国民体质特征的X射线诊断剂量指导水平提供参考数据。方法采用热释光测量方法,对省内各级各类20家医院1 157例X射线诊断入射体表剂量进行调查,多角度分析调研数据。结果除普通X射线机腰椎AP位、胸部PA位和DR腰椎AP位患者入射体表剂量超过《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》(GB18871-2002)标准给出的指导水平外,其他部位X射线摄影患者入射体表剂量在标准的指导水平内。按医疗机构分级,三级医院患者体表剂量水平得到基本控制,二级和一级医院总体水平参差不齐,亟待进行合理改善。结论应进一步规范医疗机构放射诊断技术,加速推进医疗照射放射防护最优化的深入发展。
Objective To provide reference data for the development of dosimetry guidance for X-ray diagnosis that is suitable for Chinese national constitution. Methods The thermoluminescence measurement method was used to survey the body surface dose of 1,157 cases of X-ray diagnosis in 20 hospitals of various kinds in all kinds in the province, and the survey data were analyzed from many angles. Results In addition to the general X-ray machine lumbar AP position, chest PA position and DR lumbar AP patient body surface dose exceeds the “ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety standards” (GB18871-2002) standard given guidance level, the other parts X-ray photography of patients with body surface dose is within the standard guidance level. According to the classification of medical institutions, the level of body surface dosage of patients in tertiary hospitals is basically controlled, and the overall level of secondary and tertiary hospitals is uneven, which needs to be properly improved. Conclusion It is necessary to further standardize the diagnostic radiology of medical institutions and speed up the further development of optimal radiological protection for medical irradiation.