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内燃机的发展趋向是降低燃油消耗和改善其工作可靠性。为此,内燃机气缸组件的研究课题为a)在热负荷和机械负荷增高的情况下的强度问题;b)减小重量的措施;c)提高使用寿命的措施。下面,叙述常用材料的发展及其相应的结构措施及新材料开发。 一、活塞用材料 1.常用合金材料的可靠性 对活塞用材料的要求是;比重小、疲动强度高、耐磨性好、高的抗蠕变性、制造容易和成本低,而这些要求又往往是相互矛盾的。常用的共晶和过共晶铝硅合金(AS12UN或AS18UN)具有优良的折中性能,并获得广泛的应用。
The development trend of internal combustion engines is to reduce fuel consumption and improve the reliability of their work. For this reason, research topics for internal combustion engine cylinder assemblies are a) strength problems with increased thermal and mechanical loads; b) measures to reduce weight; and c) measures to increase the service life. The following describes the development of commonly used materials and the corresponding structural measures and new material development. First, the piston material 1. The reliability of commonly used alloy materials on the piston material requirements; small proportion, high fatigue strength, good wear resistance, high creep resistance, easy to manufacture and low cost, and these requirements And often contradictory. Common eutectic and hypereutectic Al-Si alloys (AS12UN or AS18UN) have excellent compromise properties and are widely used.