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理论上认为,民主影响社会服务的机制在于,竞争性的选举对政治家会产生激励作用,使他们提供基础广泛的公共产品。但是,定量研究发现,在采取一定的措施后,民主在教育与健康方面增加了开支,却对其产出影响很小,或者没什么影响。要想取得更好的结果,资金以及平等与高效的分配,包括制度性的改革都是至关重要的。然而,案例研究又表明,民主政治提供给政治家进行改革的激励还很不够,有时甚至是消极的。民主对社会服务的影响远比这些理论概括更为复杂。
In theory, the mechanism by which democracy affects social services lies in the fact that competitive elections provide incentives for politicians to provide them with a broad-based public goods. However, quantitative studies found that after some measures were taken, democracy increased spending on education and health but had little or no effect on its output. To achieve better outcomes, funding and equitable and efficient distribution, including institutional reforms, are all crucial. However, the case studies show that the incentives offered by democratic politics to politicians are still not enough, sometimes even negative. The impact of democracy on social services is far more complicated than the sum of these theories.