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同轴两反结构作为空间激光通信光学天线时常存在接收视场小、发射效率低等缺点。同时,因中心遮拦造成的能量损失,也会大大降低通信系统的瞄准和捕获概率。针对此缺陷,提出采用离轴两反天线结构并引入自由曲面设计以提高通信系统的性能。由初级像差理论推导得出离轴两反系统的初始结构,并采用Zernike多项式自由曲面面形,增加系统设计自由度,提高系统平衡像差的能力。给出入瞳口径与焦距相同的同轴两反和离轴两反系统的设计实例,并比较二者的光学传递函数MTF、点列图、衍射包围圆能量、波前误差等。结果表明:离轴两反自由曲面天线的像质明显优于同轴两反天线,因而该种天线结构的使用可提升空间激光通信系统的整体性能。
As the space laser communication optical antenna, the coaxial two anti-structures often have the disadvantages of small receiving field of view and low transmitting efficiency. At the same time, the loss of energy due to obstruction by the center also greatly reduces the targeting and acquisition probability of the communication system. In view of this flaw, it is proposed to adopt an off-axis two anti-antenna structure and to introduce a free-form surface design to improve the performance of the communication system. The initial structure of the off-axis bi-inverse system is deduced from the theory of primary aberration. The Zernike polynomial freeform surface is used to increase the system design freedom and improve the system’s ability to balance the aberrations. The design examples of two anti-coaxial and anti-axial systems with the same entrance and exit focal lengths are given. The optical transfer functions (MTFs, point arrays, diffraction energy, wavefront error, etc.) of the two systems are compared. The results show that the image quality of off-axis anti-free surface antenna is obviously better than that of coaxial anti-antenna. Therefore, the use of the antenna structure can improve the overall performance of the space laser communication system.